《日葡辞书》中的基督教汉语词和外来词

Chinese Words for Christian Religious Terms and Loanwords in The Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary

成书于16世纪末17世纪初的《日葡辞书》是研究中日词汇交流、探究汉语在日本文化与西方文化接触时所发挥作用的重要文献。统计发现,《日葡辞书》中共有62个基督教汉语词,其中新创造的组合新词较少,来源于佛教用语的语义新词最多。这些组合新词有的传入了中国,语义新词经过了词义的扩大性转用或扩大性转用后的缩小性转用。另外,《日葡辞书》中还有31个外来词后来被重新译成了汉语词。这些外来词在其后的重译过程中极有可能参考或借用了同时代在华传教士罗明坚、利玛窦创造的基督教汉语词汇,其中的部分词语成为回归借词。

The Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary, compiled in the late 16th andearly 17th century, is an important work for the research on vocabulary borrowing between Chinese and Japanese languages. It plays an important role in the cultural exchange between Japan and the West. According to the statistics, there are 62 Christian words translated into Chinese, including a few newly created words and a large number of Buddhist words taking on new meanings. Some of these new words were introduced into China and their semantic meanings were expanded. In addition, there are 31 loanwords that were translated into Chinese words. It is most likely that these loanwords were referred to or borrowed from the Christian Chinese vocabulary translated by Christian missionaries Michele Ruggieri and Matteo Ricci during its re-translation processes, and part of the words were returned as loanwords.