北京市海淀区教育集团化办学的实践与思考

On Practice and Reflection of Running School by Group in Haidian District of Beijing City

作为基础教育领域政府主导下的一种办学模式的创新,教育集团化办学带来了教育组织管理的创新。北京市海淀区在教育集团化方面进行了多样化的探索实践,主要是统筹开展干部教师交流轮岗、积极推动课程共研与共享、搭建教育资源统筹使用平台、促进先进理念和特色文化的融合共生、促进现代学校管理制度变革。海淀区集团化办学在实践中形成了四种办学类型,建立了三种治理模式;同时,存在着集团规模日益扩大带来管理难度增加、行政授权不清晰运行机制不规范、外部性政策保障机制缺乏、持续性创新发展动力不足等影响集团创新绩效的因素。借鉴组织管理和创新的相关理论,未来,海淀区在教育集团化办学方面要保持教育集团的适度规模,建立权责明确的集团管理运行机制,完善政府的政策保障机制,关注集团创新发展的关键因素。

As an innovation of school-running pattern in elementary education which is led by the government,running school by group has brought innovation to educational organization management. In Haidian District of Beijing City,diverse exploration and practice have been taken in running school by group,including carrying out job rotation between cadres and teachers,actively pushing forward course research collaboration and sharing,setting up the integrated platform of educational resources,promoting the harmonious symbiosis between advanced concepts and distinctive culture,and accelerating the transformation of modern school management system. There are four types of group-run schools and three governance patterns of running school by group in Haidian District. However,the education administration in Haidian District faces many problems which influence the innovation performance of the education groups,including the management difficulties due to the increasing scale of education groups,the unclear administrative authorization,the lack of standardization of operation mechanism,the lack of external policy safeguard mechanism,the lack of continuous innovation and development impetus. Based on relevant theories of organizational management and innovation,some suggestions are proposed to policy makers,including maintaining the moderate scale of education group,establishing the operation mechanisms of education group which have well defined power and responsibility,improving policy safeguard mechanism,and focusing on the key factors for innovative development of the education group.