威灵仙一种新伪品的生药学和分子生药学鉴别

Pharmacognostical Identification and Molecular Pharmacognostical Identification on a New Adulterant of Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma

目的：运用生药学和分子生药学研究思路和方法,对市场上一种威灵仙新伪品进行鉴别,为保障威灵仙药材的安全使用提供实验依据。方法：对威灵仙及其伪品进行性状、显微等生药学研究,描述威灵仙及其伪品的生药学鉴别特征。对威灵仙及其伪品的分子生药学研究,通过试剂盒提取样品的DNA,聚合酶链式反应（PCR）扩增及双向测序获得其内转录间隔区（ITS）序列,根据美国国家生物技术信息中心（NCBI）数据库中已收录的ITS序列进行相似度分析及DNA条形码溯源。结果：威灵仙及伪品的生药学鉴别特征主要有外皮颜色以及有无茎节等;横切面显微特征区别主要为有无髓。分子生药学研究表明,该伪品的基原植物为紫金牛科紫金牛Ardisia japonica。结论：该威灵仙伪品为紫金牛的茎及根茎,该伪品与威灵仙在成分、功能主治方面差别较大,在临床应用上应严格区分。

Objective： Research on a new adulterant of Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma was made by the ideas and methods of pharmacognosy and molecular pharmacology,in order to provide the basis for safe use of this herb. Method： The characters, microscopy and other pharmacognostic studies were performed on Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma and its adulterant,the characteristics of pharmacognostic identification of Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma and its adulterant were described. DNA in samples was extracted,internal transcribed spacer（ ITS）sequences were amplified by polymerase chain reaction（ PCR） and analyzed by Contig Express. The ITS sequences was calculated the similarity according to the ITS sequences of National Center for Biotechnology Information（ NCBI） database. Result： Pharmacognostic identification characteristics of Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma and its adulterant were skin color and the existence of the stem nodes, etc; the difference in their microscopic characteristics of transverse section was the existence of the pith. The molecular pharmacognostic studies showed the adulterant of Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma was Ardisiae japonicae sourced from Myrsinaceae.Conclusion： This adulterant of Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma is the stem and rhizome of A. japonicae. A. japonicae differs from Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma in terms of composition and function,so we should strictly distinguish them in clinical application.