农村基础设施对农业全要素生产率的影响研究

Spillover Effects of Rural Infrastructure on Agricultural Total Factor Productivity in China

通过研究农村基础设施对农业全要素生产率的影响来检验我国农村基础设施的溢出效应。在利用DEA-Malmquist指数法测算1988—2014年我国各省(市、自治区)农业全要素生产率的基础上,通过动态面板差分GMM方法检验农村灌溉、道路、电力和医疗基础设施对我国农业全要素生产率的溢出效应,研究发现:这四类农村基础设施都能对农业全要素生产率产生明显的溢出效应,且灌溉基础设施的作用最明显,其次为医疗基础设施,高于道路和电力基础设施;农业机械化程度、种植规模的提高和种植结构的调整能提升农业全要素生产率,而农村人力资本和农业人均GDP的提升对农业全要素生产率表现为净替代效应。

This paper tests the spillover effects of rural infrastructure on agricultural total factor productivity in China. Based on the DEA-Malmquist index method,the total factor productivity of China＇s provinces（ municipalities and autonomous regions） from 1988 to 2014 is calculated. A dynamic GMMmodel is employed to test the relationship between rural transportation,irrigation,power and medical infrastructure.The results indicate that these four kinds of rural infrastructures have made a contribution to agricultural total factor productivity,among which the irrigation infrastructure is the most effective,followed by medical infrastructure. The externality of traffic and electricity infrastructure,however,is proved to be relatively slim. The degree of agricultural mechanization,the increase of planting scale and the adjustment of planting structure can improve the total factor productivity of agriculture,while the rural human capital and agricultural per capita GDP do the opposite.