《奥赛罗》“黑色”双关意象及其对美国本土戏剧的影响

Othello’s Pun Image of “Black” and its Influence on Native American Drama

莎士比亚戏剧在美国的传入、接受与影响,既是英、美两国在戏剧乃至文化交往史上的重要内容,也是推动或促进美国民族戏剧发展的关键因素。进入19世纪之后,在美国戏剧舞台上最为流行的剧目就是莎士比亚的著名悲剧《奥赛罗》,这一现象的出现,既与该剧本身所触及的种族、肤色、两性主题直接相关,又与当时美国黑人遭受种族歧视和阶级压迫的社会状况紧密相联。另外,19世纪上半叶,随着美国国家独立的最终确立,美国戏剧面临了如何确立自身戏剧民族性特征的历史使命,而与《奥赛罗》相关的美国本土的剧本创作和戏剧表演,同样起到了积极的促进或奠定作用。

The introduction,acceptance and influence of Shakespeare＇s plays in the United States are both an important part of the British and American countries in the history of drama and even cultural exchanges,and they are also the key factors in promoting the development of American ethnic drama. After entering the nineteenth century,the most popular repertoire on the American theatre stage was Shakespeare＇s famous tragedy Othello,and the emergence of this phenomenon was directly related to the theme of race,skin color,and gender that the drama itself touched. It was also closely related to the social conditions in which African Americans were subjected to racial discrimination and class oppression. In addition,in the first half of the 19 th century,with the finalization of the independence of the United States,American dramas faced the historical mission of how to establish the national characteristics of their own dramas. In contrast,the U. S. native playwriting and theatrical performances related to Othello,It also played a positive role in promotion.