黑水虻对食料中pH值、辣度及盐度的耐受性

Tolerance of the black soldier fly,Hermetia illucens(Diptera:Stratiomyidae) to pH value,pungency,and NaCl in foodstuffs

黑水虻能够高效取食和消化富含营养物质的易腐有机废弃物,将其转化为昆虫蛋白和油脂,为评估黑水虻处置餐厨垃圾的效率和稳定性,通过研究黑水虻在食料环境中对酸、碱、盐、辣椒素等胁迫因子的耐受性水平,分析其在餐厨垃圾处置过程中的抗逆表现.结果显示：（1）强酸性（pH=3）环境对黑水虻生长发育有显著负面影响,整体表现为幼虫体重减轻、化蛹率降低且无法羽化,不能完成完整的生活史;而强碱性（pH=11）环境没有表现出负面影响,反而有利于幼虫的生长发育,表现为体重增加、活力增强,因此黑水虻对强酸和强碱的适应能力是不对称的;pH值在5-11之间的黑水虻化蛹率、羽化率、生物量积累和成活率的差异不显著;（2）盐浓度增加会导致黑水虻幼虫发育期延长,但在本研究中,6%的质量浓度条件下仍没有出现体重、化蛹率、羽化率及存活率的显著差异,显示出黑水虻对渗透压存在较好的适应机制;（3）辣度对黑水虻生长发育无显著影响.综上所述,黑水虻幼虫对食料中的酸碱度、盐度及辣度整体上具有较好的耐受性,可作为动物媒介规模化处置餐厨垃圾,在具体工艺设计中应尽量调节餐厨垃圾至偏碱性、低盐度以提高效率、增加产量.

The black soldier fly（BSF）, Hermetia illucens, has been considered impressive as a saprophagous insect, for its high ability to convert organic waste to insect protein and oil. Hence, it has been regarded by the municipal administration that BSF might be used as a medium to deal with food waste. However, food waste in China has been characterized as having a high salt content, oily, and very spicy, which usually renders them unsuitable for animal feeding. In order to assess the technological reliability for BSF conversion of food waste, the tolerance of BSF for pH values, pungency, and Na Cl in food were investigated in this case. Results indicated that strong acidity（pH = 3） was not good for the development of BSF, demonstrating less body weight and eclosion failure. In contrast, strong basicity（pH = 11） seemed to be beneficial for larval development with high biomass, and there is no difference in pupation, eclosion, larval biomass, and livability for BSF for pH values between 5 and 11. With regards to salinity, liner correlations were observed; the salinity strength increased along with the extension of the larval phase, but body weight, pupation rate, emerging rate, and livability were still consistent under 6% density of salinity. Influence of pungency on BSF larvae has not yet been found. In conclusion, BSF showed a high tolerance to pH value, pungency, and salinity in foodstuffs. Hence, it is expected that food waste from common environments might have a lesser possibility to cause negative effects on BSF development, which could be good news for BSF conversion technology. As for the process design, the conclusion suggested that food waste optimum for BSF is expected to be alkaline and low-salt, which would be helpful to improve the efficiency and harvest.