生物电化学系统3种典型构型及其应用研究进展

Recent advances in three typical configurations and applications of bioelectrochemical systems

生物电化学系统（Bioelectrochemical system,BES）是一种交叉学科的前沿技术,随着全球淡水资源和可利用能源日益剧减,BES构型及应用受到广泛关注.简述微生物燃料电池和微生物电解池结构、原理和国内外研究动态,系统介绍BES及其影响因素,其中微生物活性、阴阳电极材料及电池构造最为重要;概述增加电极室、增加反应室和微型传感器等三方面构型及近年来的应用研究进展,比较单电极室和多电极室的优缺点,以微生物脱盐电池、微生物电解脱盐电池、微生物产酸产碱脱盐池为基础介绍增加反应室构型,重点综述BES在生化需氧量监测方面的研究.由于多室微生物燃料电池构造复杂且产能低,单室将是未来生物电化学系统发展趋势;增加反应室主要以脱盐目的为主,且脱盐池的研究仍需要围绕优化阴阳离子交换膜、维持阳极室内pH平衡以及降低空气阴极溶解氧对反应器性能影响;微生物电极传感器可拓宽应用于更多领域,其敏感性和长期稳定性有待进一步提高.目前对产电微生物群落丰度和活性的研究还相对较少,未来电池构型和增加应用范围依然是BES的研究热点.

As the world＇s freshwater resources and available energy are alarmingly decreasing, the bioelectrochemical system（BES） is a cutting-edge technology for the resolution of the resource and energy issue. Researchers have paid much attention to the application of the BES configuration. Based on the brief introduction of microbial fuel cell and microbial electrolytic cell structure, principles, and domestic and foreign research, the BES and its influencing factors are introduced, specifically including： microbial activity, electrode materials, and configuration. Three important aspects（i.e., the electrode chamber, the reaction chamber, and micro-sensor） are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of single-electrode and multi-electrode chambers are compared, based on the microbial desalination cell. Microbial electrolysis desalination cell： Microbial electrolysis desalination and chemical-production cell have been discussed to introduce increasing reaction chamber configuration; this review focuses on the research of BES monitoring with regards to biochemical oxygen demand. The potential applications of the research progress are explored. The results show that the configuration of multi-chamber microbial fuel cell is complex and its efficiency is low, while the single chamber configuration is advantageous. The reaction chamber added is mainly aimed at desalination, and the study of the desalination pool still needs to be focused on optimizing the cation exchange membrane to maintain the anode pH balance and reduce the air cathode dissolved oxygen. Microbial electrode sensor can be applied in more areas, and its sensitivity and long-term stability need to be further improved. However, there is relatively less research on the abundance and activity of electricigen communities; the configurations and scopes of application of BES are still the research priority.