金属矿山深井人工制冷降温系统模式分析

Analysis on the Model of Artificial Refrigeration Cooling System in Deep Metal Mines

深井金属矿山的逐渐增多,高温高湿热害矿井日益增加,且采用加大通风量的通风方式难以解决深部高温热害问题,人工制冷降温成为了深部矿井开采的必然选择。然而,目前深井金属矿山人工制冷降温系统工程甚少,这不仅与人工制冷降温系统本身的复杂性、投资及运行成本、维护管理有关,而且受各矿地温地热、水文地质、采矿方法、专业人才储备等多因素影响。首先分析了矿井人工制冷降温冷负荷这一最基础数据计算特点及难点,然后主要从制冷机组布置形式、热量排放途径以及井下通风、涌水水量水温水质等外部条件提出了6种人工制冷降温模式,分析了各降温模式特点及适用条件。研究得出:矿井回风排放冷凝热模式受通风系统影响大,矿井低温涌水排放冷凝热受矿山涌水量、水温、水质、水文水质条件影响大,水温宜≤30℃。实例计算说明:采用"进出口空气焓差"计算冷负荷,计算简单,适合于工程设计中采用。该研究有利于提高矿山设计院、设备厂家及矿山生产企业对矿井人工制冷降温系统的宏观认识。

With the increasing of deep metal mines, such heat damage as high temperature and high humidity are increasing day by day,and it is difficult to solve the problem of high heat damage in deep mines by means of increasing ventilation. Artificial cooling has become an inevitable choice for deep underground mining. However,at present, there are very few projects of artificial cooling system in deep metal mines,which is not only related to the complexity,investment, operation cost and maintenance of artificial cooling system. Also,it is affected by many factors,such as geothermal,hydrogeology,mining methods,professional talent reserve,etc. The characteristics of and the difficulties in calculation of the most basic data of artificial cooling load in mines were analyzed. Six kinds of artificial cooling modes were put forward from the external conditions of the layout of main refrigerating units,the approach of heat discharge, underground ventilation, water inflow, temperature and quality etc.. The characteristics and applicable conditions of each cooling mode were analyzed. The results showed that the condensing heat model of mine return air discharge was greatly affected by ventilation system, and the condensing heat of low temperature gushing water discharge was greatly affected by mine water inflow,temperature and quality, hydrogeological conditions with water temperature less than 30 ℃ appropriately. The calculation showed that it is simple to calculate the cooling load by using ＂enthalpy difference between inlet and outlet air＂,which is suitable for engineering design. This research is helpful to improve the macro-understanding on mine artificial refrigeration cooling system by the mine design institute,equipment manufacturers and mine production enterprises.