公正与功利:论片面对合犯中的揭发型立功

Justice and Utility: On Rendering Meritorious Service by Exposing Criminal Acts in Unilateral Correspondence Offense

片面对合犯中非罪一方揭发对方犯罪的行为是否属于立功的争论,一方面源于立功制度的功利与公正的制约,另一方面源于片面对合犯行为结构的特殊性。此种对合行为中,行为双方均为对合行为主体,又互为对方行为的对象,一方行为的实施必然对应另一方行为的存在。基于对合行为的结构特征,片面对合犯中非罪一方知晓对方犯罪事实具有初始性、必然性的特征,其一般违法行为并非对方犯罪产生的刑法上的原因,故其揭发对方犯罪的行为不具有非法性,不属于立功制度的异化,符合立功的本质,契合功利与公正的价值内涵。

As for the correspondence offense, the disputes about whether the guiltless party＇s exposing the guilty party＇ criminal act belongs to meritorious service stems from two aspects： one is the constraints caused by the meritorious service system＇s utility and partiality, and the other is the particularity in the behavioral structure of unilateral correspondence offense. In such correspondence offense, both parties are the subjects of the offense as well as the objects of each other＇s acts, so the implementation of one＇s act will inevitably corresponds to the other＇s act. Based on the structural characteristics of the correspondence act, it＇s inevitable for the guiltless party in unilateral correspondence offense to initially know the other party＇s criminal acts, and the guiltless party＇s illegal act is not the cause of the party＇s crime. Therefore, the guiltless party＇s exposing the guilty party＇ criminal act has no illegality, does not belong to the alienation of meritorious service system, conforms to the essence of meritorious service and meets the value connotation of utility and justice.