人身保险代位求偿权的适用之实证分析

Empirical Analyses of the Application of Subrogation Right in Life Insurance

我国保险业对保险合同采用了二元的分类模式:人身保险和财产保险。对于财产保险,基于其目的在于填补被保险人的经济利益损失,立法者赋予了保险人代位求偿权;而对于人身保险,基于其保险标的的特殊性,从我国的立法路径来看,立法者均"一刀切"地禁止代位求偿权的适用。经实证分析,这种二元的分类模式存在着较大争议,立法上的规定有待商榷。保险法应从各类具体保险的赔付性质区分对待,对于意外伤害险和健康险中具有补偿性质的部分,应纳入代位求偿权制度的适用范围。

China＇s insurance industry adopts a binary model to classify the insurance contract into personal insurance and property insurance. For the property insurance, the legislator grants the insurer the subrogation right, with a view to compensate the insured person＇s economic loss. For the personal insurance, due to the particularity of the subjectmatter insured, the China＇s legislator uniformly bans the application of subrogation right. Through empirical analyses, many controversies over the binary model have been revealed, so the legislative provisions remain to be further discussed. The insurance law should make specific stipulations according to the different compensation nature of the insurance, and those parts with compensatory nature in the accident insurance and health insurance should be included in the scope of applying the system of subrogation right.