中国东北S市和西南T市居民饮水摄入量调查

Analysis on drinking water intake of residents in S city in northeast and T city in southwest of China

目的了解中国东北S市和西南T市居民饮水摄入量情况,为进行饮用水暴露途径的健康风险评价提供基础参数依据。方法分别于2015年和2016年冬夏两季,采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,在中国东北S市和西南T市随机选取18岁以上的成人居民进行饮水摄入量调查,采用问卷调查和自填式日志相结合的方式获得居民饮水摄入情况。结果 S市和T市居民的主要饮用水来源是自来水,并以饮用开水为主(74.1%)。日均饮水摄入量中位数为1 495m L,其中直接饮水摄入量为1 042m L,间接饮水摄入量为408m L。饮水摄入量夏季(1 673 m L)高于冬季(1 351m L),两者之间差异有统计学意义(Z=9.337,P<0.01);饮水摄入量男性(1 590m L)高于女性(1 422m L),差异有统计学意义(Z=4.749,P<0.01)。BMI指数不同的各组人群之间日均饮水摄入量差异有统计学意义(χ~2=35.497,P<0.01),且随着BMI指数升高,日均饮水摄入量有升高的趋势。结论 S市和T市的居民日均饮水摄入量受多种因素影响,在进行健康风险评价时应综合考虑不同因素条件下的情况。

Objective To acquire the drinking water intake parameters of residents in S city in northeast and T city in southwest of China,and provide basic data reference for health risk assessment of drinking water exposure. Methods Using questionnaires and self-administered logs method,residents aged 18 and above were randomly selected by stratified cluster sampling in S city and T city to investigate drinking water intake parameters in summer and winter of 2015 and 2016,respectively. Results In the investigated area,boiled tap water was mainly used as drinking water（ 74. 1%）. The total average daily water intake median was 1495 m L,the direct drinking water intake was 1042 m L and the indirect drinking water intake was408 m L. The total daily water intake in summer（ 1673 m L） was higher than that in winter（ 1351 m L）（ Z = 9. 337,P〈0. 01）.The total average daily water intake in male（ 1590 m L） was higher than that in female（ 1422 m L）（ Z = 4. 749,P〈0. 01）.There was a statistically significant difference in daily intake of drinking water between different groups with different BMI（ χ^2= 35. 497,P〈0. 01）,and the daily intake of drinking water increased with the increase of BMI. Conclusion The total daily water intake in S city and T city of China was affected by multiple factors,thus,in the assessment of exposure to pollutants and health risks,the drinking water exposure parameters under each condition should be considered.