山西省2016年食源性疾病流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of food borne diseases in Shanxi,2016

目的分析山西省2016年食源性疾病监测数据,了解食源性疾病流行情况。方法收集山西省2016年食源性疾病监测数据,采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析,组间比较采用χ~2检验,P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。结果352所哨点医院共报告食源性疾病17 095例,检测粪便标本1 393份,阳性检出率为15.96%;三季度报告病例占总报告病例数的38.43%,20~60岁组报告病例占50.93%,农民(33.78%)居报告病例数的首位;主要可疑食品来源场所为家庭(78.89%);消化系统症状为主要临床症状(98.75%);致泻大肠埃希氏菌检出率最高(6.39%);不同就医时间与病原检出率间差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.402,P<0.05),是否服用抗生素与病原检出率间差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.811,P>0.05)。结论夏秋季是山西省食源性疾病的高发季节,15岁以下儿童是好发人群,家庭是好发场所,植物性食品是好发食品,致泻大肠埃希氏菌、诺如病毒是主要致病微生物。需加强相关人员培训,进一步规范食源性疾病监测工作,提高监测质量,还应扩展监测工作形式,扩大监测面,开展社区人群食源性疾病负担调查、药店腹泻药品销售状况调查,将监测工作扩展至乡、村医疗机构。

Objective To analyze the data from food borne disease surveillance and report system in Shanxi in 2016,to understand the prevalence of food borne diseases. Methods The surveillance data were collected and statistical analyzed with SPSS 22. 0 software. χ^2 test was used to compare between groups,P〈0. 05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant. Results A total of 17 095 cases of food borne disease were reported in 352 sentinel hospitals. One thousand three hundred and ninety-three fecal specimens were detected and the overall foodborne pathogen detection rate was 15. 96%.There were more reported cases in the three quarter. In the third quarter report cases accounted for 38. 43% of the total number of reported cases. The most cases were reported in 20 ～ 60 year old group,accounted for 50. 93%. The farmers（ 33.78%） ranked first in the number of reported cases. The main place of suspected food sources were families（ 78. 89%）. The main clinical symptoms were the symptoms of the digestive system（ 98. 75%）. Diarrheogenic Escherichia coli had the highest detection rate（ 6. 39%）. There was a significant difference between the different hospitalizing time and the detection rate（ χ^2= 12. 402,P〈0. 05）. There was no significant difference between the use of antibiotics and the detection rate（ χ^2= 0. 811,P〉0. 05）. Conclusion Summer and autumn are the peak onset seasons of food borne diseases in Shanxi province. The population under 15 years old is vulnerable group. Family is the main highly occurring place. Plant food is the primary suspected food. Diarrheogenic Escherichia coli and Norovirus are the main pathogens causing foodborne disease in Shanxi. It＇s necessary to strengthen personnel training and further standardize the surveillance. It should expand the monitoring form and expand the monitoring surface. The investigation of the food borne disease burden of the community population and the investigation of the sales status of the drugs for the treatment of diarrhea in drugstores should be carried out. The surveillance should be extended to the township and village medical institutions.