甘肃省武威市2005-2016年甲型病毒性肝炎发病趋势分析

Analysis of hepatitis A incidence trend from 2005 to 2016,in Wuwei of Gansu

目的分析甘肃省武威市2005-2016年甲型病毒性肝炎(甲肝)发病现状和流行趋势,探讨影响甲肝发病的因素,为制定甲肝防控策略提供科学依据。方法从国家传染病网络直报系统中提取武威市2005-2016年甲肝发病数据,采用描述流行病学方法,对甲肝发病情况和趋势进行分析。结果武威市2005-2016年甲肝总体报告发病率呈下降趋势(Z=-14.95,P<0.01),报告发病率从2006年的28.76/10万下降至2016年的4.52/10万,平均报告发病率为12.37/10万。全年各月份均有甲肝病例报告,7-9月份为甲肝发病高峰。男性平均报告发病率为14.26/10万,高于女性的10.37/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.66,P<0.01)。30~39岁年龄组病例数最多为448例,占16.63%。职业主要为农民和学生为主,分别占总病例数的58.13%(1 566例)和19.60%(528例)。结论尽管武威市2005-2016年甲肝发病率呈下降趋势,但仍需重视甲肝疫情,采取以切断传播途径为主的综合防控措施,有效遏制甲肝流行。

Objective To analyze hepatitis A epidemic situation and incidence trend from 2005 to 2016 in Wuwei and explore associated factors to provide scientific evidences for hepatitis A control and prevention. Methods Surveillance data of hepatitis A in Wuwei were extracted from national infectious reporting system. Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze hepatitis A epidemic situation and incidence trend. Results The decreasing trend of hepatitis A was observed from 28. 76/100 000 to 4. 52/100 000 in Wuwei city（ Z =-14. 95,P〈0. 01） with an average incident rate of 12. 37/100 000. Hepatitis A cases occurred in every month and July to September was the peak. The average male reported incidence of 14. 26/10 0000 was higher than the 10. 37/10 0000 for female,and the difference was statistically significant（ χ^2=5. 66,P〈0. 01）. The biggest number of 448 reported hepatitis A cases was in 30-39 age group,accounting for 16. 63%. The occupation composition were mainly for farmers（ 1566 cases）,and students（ 428 cases） accounting for 58. 13% and 19.60%,respectively. Conclusion Although the decreasing trend of hepatitis A was observed from 2005 to 2016 in Wuwei,the hepatitis A epidemics should be given more attention and comprehensive measurement aiming to interrupt the route of transmission should be taken to control the spread of hepatitis A in Wuwei city.