2012-2016年重庆市永川区新发尘肺病分析

Analysis on new pneumoconiosis cases in Yongchuan district of Chongqing,2012-2016

目的分析研究重庆市永川区2012-2016年新发尘肺病情况,了解该地区新发尘肺病特征,为其防治工作提供依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集永川区2012-2016年确诊的新发尘肺病病例,对发病年龄、接触工龄、行业、工种、企业类型等特征进行分析。结果永川区2012-2016尘肺新增病例2 471例,矽肺104例(4.21%),煤工尘肺2 364例(95.67%),其他尘肺3例(0.12%),2016年发病率最高(18.69%),与其他年份发病率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=34.648,P<0.05);该地区尘肺发病年龄以50~60岁为主,占50.47%,平均发病年龄(58.68±8.26)岁;新发尘肺病作业人员接尘工龄以10-20a为主,平均接触工龄(18.14±8.13)a;主要分布在烟煤和无烟煤开采洗选业(97.05%);工种以主采煤工为主(55.56%),新增病例主要分布在私有经济类型企业(85.23%)和国有企业(11.66%)。结论永川区2012-2016年新发尘肺病数大幅增加,监管部门应根据不同行业、工种及企业类型特点采取不同措施,相关企业应主动开展职业健康监护,切实保护劳动者健康,有效降低尘肺病发病水平。

Objective To understand the occurrence of new-onset pneumoconiosis in Yongchuan district of Chongqing from2012 to 2016 and provide detailed evidences for prevention and control work in this area. Methods The data of coal pneumoconiosis report cards were collected from the Chinese information system from disease control and prevention,the case of the year,the age of onset,exposure to seniority,industry,types of work,business type and other dimensions were analyzed.Results There were 2471 new cases of pneumoconiosis,including 104 cases of silicosis（ 4. 21%）,2364 cases of coal workers＇ pneumoconiosis（ 95. 67%）,and 3 cases of other pneumoconiosis（ 0. 12%） in Yongchuan district from 2012 to2016. In 2016,the incidence was the highest（ 18. 69%）,and the difference was statistically significant（ χ^2= 34. 648,P 0. 05）. The age of pneumoconiosis was 50 ～ 60 years old,accounted for 50. 47%. The average age of onset of these patients was 58. 68 ± 8. 26 years. The age of dust exposure for new pneumoconiosis works was mainly 10-20 a,with an average age of18. 14 ± 8. 33 a. Pneumoconiosis was mainly distributed in the bituminous coal and anthracite mining and washing industry（ 97. 05%）. The occupational disease mainly occurred in coal miners（ 55. 56%）,supplemented by other occupations. New cases were mainly distributed in private-owned enterprises（ 85. 23%） and state-owned enterprises（ 11. 66%）. Conclusion The number of new cases of pneumoconiosis in Yongchuan district has increased significantly. Measures should be taken according to the characteristics of different industries; occupational health monitoring should be actively carried out by different types of works and enterprises to effectively reduce the incidence of pneumoconiosis.