安定区2005-2016年乙类肠道传染病发病趋势分析

Analysis on incidence trend of B type intestinal infectious diseases in Anding district,2005-2016

目的分析定西市安定区2005-2016年法定乙类肠道传染病发病流行趋势,为实施防控措施提供依据。方法采用描述性和分析性流行病学方法进行资料收集和分析,通过发病率线形回归模型,预测乙类肠道传染病的年估计变化百分比(EAPC),以评估乙类肠道传染病发病率的变化速度。结果安定区2005-2016年法定报告乙类肠道传染病EAPC为-35.14%,总体报告发病呈下降趋势。病毒性肝炎中甲肝、未分型肝炎发病呈下降趋势,戊肝发病呈上升趋势,甲肝EAPC为-93.51%,未分型肝炎EAPC为-73.02%,戊肝EAPC为44.21%,细菌性痢疾EAPC为-38.20%,报告发病呈下降趋势。乙类肠道传染病病例主要集中在夏秋两季,4-10月发病最高,占全年发病总数的73.31%;年平均发病率男性高于女性,男女性别比为1.50∶1;发病年龄以儿童和老年人为主,职业以农民为主。结论2005-2016年定西市安定区乙类肠道传染病发病下降趋势明显,但仍面临戊肝发病逐年升高等问题。为控制乙类肠道传染病的发病,除了医疗机构努力外还需要社会各界的广泛参与,如采取在重点人群中开展相应疫苗的接种、改善居民卫生条件、提高群众食品卫生意识等综合措施,减少肠道传染病的发生。

Objective To analyze the epidemic trend of legal B type intestinal infectious diseases in Anding district of Dingxi from 2005 to 2016,and provide the basis for the prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive and analytic epidemiological methods were used for data collection and analysis. The annual percentage change（ EAPC） of type B intestinal infectious diseases was estimated by the incidence linear regression model to assess the rate of change in the incidence of type B intestinal infectious diseases. Results From 2005 to 2016,the EAPC of the legal type B intestinal infectious was-35.14%,and the overall incidence of the disease showed a downward trend in Anding district. The incidence of hepatitis A and undivided hepatitis in viral hepatitis were downtrend,and the incidence of hepatitis E was on the rise. The EAPC of Hepatitis A was-93. 51%. The EAPC of undifferentiated hepatitis was-73. 02%. The EAPC of hepatitis E was 44. 21%. The EAPC of bacterial dysentery was-38. 20% and the report incidence showed a downward trend. The cases of enteric infectious diseases mainly concentrated in summer and autumn,with the highest incidence from April to October,accounting for 73. 31 % of the total number of cases in the whole year. The average annual incidence of male was higher than that of female,and the sex ratio was 1. 50∶ 1; the onset were mainly among children and the elderly,and the occupation was mainly farmer. Conclusion From 2005 to 2016,the incidence of B type intestinal infectious diseases in Anding district of Dingxi decreased obviously,but it still faces many problems,such as the increasing incidence of hepatitis E year by year. In order to control the incidence of the intestinal infectious diseases,extensive participation from all sectors of society beside the efforts of medical institutions will be required,such as carrying out the corresponding vaccination among the key population,improving the hygiene conditions of the residents,raising the awareness of food hygiene among the masses.