环境规制与企业出口产品质量:基于制度环境与出口持续期的分析

Environmental Regulation and Export Product Quality of Enterprises: Analysis on the Institutional Environment and Duration of Export

环境保护与对外贸易是关系人类发展和福祉的两个重要议题,在治理污染和稳增长双重压力下,环境规制对于实现"降污"和"增效"的双赢至关重要.在文献梳理基础上,从企业异质性视角讨论了环境规制对出口企业产品质量升级的影响机制,并利用中国工业企业与海关进出口企业的匹配数据,从微观层面考察了环境规制对出口贸易产品质量升级的影响.得到以下结论:环境规制对企业出口质量的提升具有促进作用,并且在引入企业特征与所有制类型情形下结论稳健;随着地区财政分权和官员腐败程度的增加,环境规制对企业出口产品质量促进作用会降低;环境规制有利于提升新进入企业和在位企业的出口产品质量,而对退出企业的产品质量提升不存在明显的促进作用.此外,环境规制会缩短低质量企业出口持续时间并且延长高质量企业出口持续期.因此,从长远看,环境规制将提升我国出口贸易产品质量,优化对外贸易结构,最终实现环境与贸易的协同发展.

Environmental protection and international trade are important issues related to the development and welfare of hmnan beings. Pollution reduction and efficiency effect of environmental regulation are essential under the pressures of steady growth and pollution control. It studied the impacts of environmental regulation on the upgrading of product quality from the perspective of firm heterogeneity. Then, it tested the influence of environmental regulation on export product quality based on the matching data. The main conclusions are as follows. Firstly, environmental regulation has a positive effect on export product quality, and the conclusion is robust with considering enterprise characteristics and ownership types. Secondly, the impact of environmental regulation on export product quality may reduce with the in- cxeasing of regional fiscal decentralization and corruption. Thirdly, environmental regulation can significar^ly improve export product quality of entering and incumbent enterprises, but has no significant effect on promoting product quality of exiting enterprises. Lastly, environmental regulation may shorten the export duration of low quality enterprises and extend the export duration of high quality enterprises. Therefore, in the long run, environmental regulation can improve product quality of export trade, optimize the structure of international trade, and ultimately achieve coordinated devel- opment of environments and trades.