田纳西·威廉斯戏剧创作的疾病书写

Disease Writing in Tennessee Williams' Dramas

美国当代著名剧作家田纳西·威廉斯为世界舞台贡献了《欲望号街车》《玻璃动物园》《热铁皮屋顶上的猫》《鬣蜥之夜》等经典剧作,但其显赫声名的背后,一生百病缠身,患病作为其固有的生活常态,不仅制约着他的现实人生,同时也对他的戏剧创作产生了至深的影响,疾病书写因而也成为其戏剧创作最鲜明的特征。在他的剧作中,疾病是故事展开的背景,疾病推动剧情不断发展,疾病甚至左右人物的行动。威廉斯借助疾病书写这一审美创造活动宣泄被压抑的情绪,救赎自我,并借疾病隐喻抨击美国内外政策中肆意泛滥的、疯狂的极权政治给民众带来的精神与身体伤害,试图引起疗救社会的注意,警示当政者合理施政。

Tennessee Williams, a famous contemporary playwright in the United States, contributed to the world stage classic plays, such as A Streetcar Named Desire, The Glass Menagerie, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, The Night of the Iguana and so on. However, his whole life was beset with all kinds of diseases, and illnes had become the normal state of his life. It not only restricted his real life, but also exerted a profound influence on his drama creation. So disease writing had become the most distinctive feature of his drama creation. In his plays, disease becomes the background of the development of the drama story, promotes the plot development,and affects the action of the characters in the play. Williams released his suppressed emotions, redeems himself through the aesthetic activity of ＂disease writing＂ in his drama writing, and he used the disease metaphor to criticize the physical and mental harm caused by the wanton and crazy totalitarian politics in the United States.He tried to attract the attention of healing society and warned those in power to govern properly.