群像与独像:新世纪以来我国特大事故报道中的受难者形象

Portrayals of the individuals and the group: Images of the victims of extraordinary serious accidents in China(2000-2016)

本文以新世纪以来我国所有特大事故的新华社报道为分析对象,在"人格化——去人格化"的维度下,对报道中的受难者形象进行文本分析。研究显示,官方报道中的受难者群像与独像并存。可辨识的受难者独像多数为"理想的受难者",遵循着"无辜者等级"并混合了英雄遇难的叙事,呈现出高度同质化和可替代性的面貌。群像的塑造则以"去个体化"为原则,通过引语塑造出亲历的在场者和朴素的感恩者;通过数字化将不幸者对立、比较、排序;通过指代词实现身份区隔和"熟悉的陌生化"等叙事目的。

The present study examined Xinhua News Agency＇s coverage of all extraordinary serious accidents in China since 2000. A textual analysis method was used under the dimension of ＂personalization -impersonalization＂ portrayal of victims. Results indicated a juxtaposition of the portrayals of both the individual sufferers and the sufferers in groups. Identifiable individuals were mostly ＂ideal victims＂ who followed ＂hierarchy of the innocent＂ as well as a mix of the narratives of heroes in suffering. All individuals being portrayed were highly homogeneous andwere thus replaceable. Group images were mostly depicted in a way of ＂impersonalization＂ in which quotations helped to identify them as witnesses and thanksgivers, digitalization contributed to the contrasts, comparisons and ranks via the number of death, whereas demonstrative pro- nouns otherized the victims as strangers that were distinct from the familiar viewers in ＂our＂ world.