以你的獉獉道理来论证我的獉獉立场——全球化时代的跨文化论辩

Justify My Position in Your Terms:Cross-Cultural Argumentation in a Globalized World

长期以来,"心智共同体"一向被认为是真正的论辩互动的可行性条件之一。囿于这一学科预设,论辩学者倾向于将互相独立并且文化或意识形态互不相容的体系之间所发生的冲突的解决之道,排除在论辩研究的范畴之外。鉴于近来全球化进程所取得的进展,这一立场有必要予以重新审视。世界经济和资金的史无前例的融合态势,第一次创造了跨越国界和洲际的"泛化利益"。为了遏制全球的市场力量,人们呼吁建立一个"全球法制/伦理体系",甚至创建一个"跨国界的公共空间"。总体而言,非西方的话语伙伴愿意以西方的方式来对跨文化议题进行辩论,而西方的话语伙伴也正寻求以非西方的方式来为西方的立场辩护。这个新局面使得人们愈发觉得,跨越不同文化和修辞传统的论辩,不仅可能发生,而且有其必要。当然,这势必对现有一系列理论和实际问题形成挑战,而对这些理论和实际问题作出解释和分析,应是当下论辩研究一个新的关注点。

A ‘community of minds＇ has long been presumed to be a condition of possibility for genuine argumentative interactions. In part because of this disciplinary presupposition,argumentation scholars tend to exclude from their scope of inquiry conflict resolution among culturally heterogeneous and ideologically incompatible formations. Such a stance needs to be reexamined in view of recent developments in the on-going process of globalization. The unprecedented worldwide economic and financial integration has created for the first time a ‘generalized interest＇across national and continental boundaries. The need to countercheck global market forces has given rise to calls for a ‘global legal/ethical system ＇or even a ‘transnational public sphere＇. NonWestern interlocutors in general are willing to debate cross-cultural issues in Western terms. Increasingly,Western interlocutors are also seeking to justify Western positions in non-Western terms. This emerging situation renders it both necessary and possible to argue across the boundaries of communities that do not share the same cultural or rhetorical tradition. It also poses a host of theoretical and practical issues whose exploration and analysis should become a new focus of argumentation studies.