重庆市北碚区15～69岁居民健康素养水平分析

Analysis of health literacy level among residents aged 15 to 69 years in Beibei District,Chongqing,China

目的了解北碚区居民健康素养水平现状,为制定有针对性的健康教育与健康促进干预策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取北碚区852名15~69岁居民作为调查对象。采用国家统一设计的居民健康素养监测调查问卷(电子版)进行入户调查。结果调查对象的健康素养水平为17.61%,其中男性为16.24%,女性为19.27%,不同性别调查对象的健康素养水平的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。而不同年龄组、不同文化程度、不同职业、不同家庭人均年收入调查对象的健康素养水平的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中15~24岁年龄组调查对象的健康素养水平最高(66.67%),55~64岁年龄组最低(2.37%);大专/本科或以上者的健康素养水平最高(77.27%),不识字/少识字者最低(0.00%);医务人员的健康素养水平最高(88.89%),农民最低(5.41%);家庭人均年收入>15 000元调查对象的健康素养水平最高(26.06%),家庭人均年收入<3 000元者最低(9.21%)。从健康素养3个方面来看,调查对象基本知识和理念素养水平为33.45%,健康生活方式与行为素养水平为23.00%,基本技能素养水平为19.95%。此外,调查对象的6类健康问题素养水平由高到低依次为:安全与急救素养(49.41%),科学健康观素养(39.32%),基本医疗素养(36.97%),传染病防治素养(32.28%),健康信息素养(20.66%),慢性病防治素养(20.19%)。结论 2017年北碚区居民健康素养水平较前有所提高,但重点人群和重点区域居民的健康素养水平仍待提升。应加强健康干预和监测评估网络,以点带面逐步实现健康素养知识与技能干预工作的常态化,提高全区居民的健康素养。

Objective To analyze the health literacy level among residents in Beibei District,Chongqing,China,which may provide evidence for the development of health education and health promotion strategies.Methods Based on the method of multi-stage stratified sampling,a total of 852 residents aged 15 to 69 years from Beibei District were included in this study.The standardized Questionnaire on Health Literacy of Chinese Citizens（Electronic Edition）was used in door-to-door interviews.Results The mean health literacy level of these interviewees was 17.61%.The health literacy level in males and females were 16.24% and 19.27%,respectively;and the difference was not statistically significant（P〉0.05）.But the health literacy level varied significantly with age,educational background,occupation,and annual household income per capita（P〈0.05）.The 15-24 y age group had the highest health literacy level（66.67%）,while the 55-64 y age group had the lowest level（2.37%）;residents with a college degree or above had the highest health literacy level（77.27%）,while illiterate or less literate residents had the lowest level（0.00%）;healthcare professionals had the highest health literacy level（88.89%）,while farmers had the lowest level（5.41%）;residents whose annual household income per capita〉15 000 RMB had the highest health literacy level（26.06%）,while those 〈3 000 RMB had the lowest level（9.21%）.With regard to the three aspects of health literacy,the levels of basic knowledge and concepts,lifestyle and behavior,as well as basic health skills were 33.45%,23.00%,and 19.95%,respectively.Besides,the safety and first aid literacy level was the highest（49.41%）out of the six domains,followed by scientific health concept（39.32%）,basic medical care（36.97%）,prevention and treatment of infectious diseases（32.28%）,health information（20.66%）,and chronic disease management（20.19%）.Conclusion In2017,the health literacy level among residents in Beibei District was higher than previous levels,but the level of specific populations and in specific regions still needs to be improved.It is important to enhance health intervention and establish monitoring networks,so as to promote the normalization of intervention efforts related to health literacy knowledge and skills,and thus raise the health literacy level of all residents in the district.