南京大气臭氧浓度的季节变化及其对主要作物影响的评估

Seasonal Variation in Surface Ozone and Its Effect on the Winter Wheat and Rice in Nanjing,China

近年来,近地面O_3浓度呈不断上升趋势,高浓度O_3会影响作物的生长导致产量降低.本文利用2014~2016年南京市近地面O_3浓度的连续观测数据,分析了O_3浓度的变化特征及其对冬小麦和水稻产量与经济损失的影响.结果表明,2014~2016年南京市O_3年平均浓度分别为62.9、68.6和69.1μg·m-3,O_3浓度和超标日数均呈现逐年增加的趋势.季节平均的O_3浓度大小的顺序为:夏季、春季、秋季和冬季.四季O_3浓度的日变化均为明显的"单峰型",峰值出现在15:00~16:00,谷值出现在07:00~08:00.2014~2016年冬小麦生长季期间AOT40的数值分别为10.5、14.4和9.4μL·L^(-1)·h,水稻生长季期间AOT40的数值分别为8.5、20.0和25.6μL·L^(-1)·h.近地面O_3对冬小麦的影响要高于水稻,其中,2014~2016年O_3造成冬小麦减产范围为21.4%~32.8%,每年的经济损失达15 076.6~27 799.6万元,造成水稻减产范围为8.1%~24.3%,每年的经济损失达19 747.2~68 075.7万元.

In recent years,surface ozone concentration has been increasing. A high concentration of ozone can affect the growth of crops,and reduce crop yields. In this paper,based on hourly ozone concentration data in the Nanjing area obtained from 2014 to2016,we analyzed the variation characteristic of ozone concentration and its effect on the production and economic loss of winter wheat and rice. The results shows that the mean concentrations of ozone in 2014,2015,and 2016 were 62. 9,68. 6 and 69. 1 μg·m^-3,respectively; the ozone concentration and the number of days exceeding the standard gradually increased each year. The order（ high to low） of seasonal average ozone concentrations was summer,spring,autumn,and winter. The diurnal variation of ozone concentration in the four seasons showed a single-peak curve,with the peak and valley ozone values appearing at 15： 00-16： 00 and 07： 00-08： 00,respectively. The accumulated ozone exposure over a threshold of 40 ppb（ AOT40） values during the growing season of winter wheat in2014,2015,and 2016 were 10. 5,14. 4,and 9. 4 μL·L^-1·h,respectively. The ozone AOT40 values during the growing season of rice in 2014,2015,and 2016 were 8. 5,20. 0,and 25. 6 μL·L^-1·h,respectively. At the current ozone level,the impact of surface ozone on winter wheat is higher than that on rice; the range of ozone effect on the yield loss rate of winter wheat was 21. 4%-32. 8%,and the annual economic loss amounted to 150. 766-277. 996 million Yuan RMB. The range of ozone effect on the yield loss rate of rice was 8. 1%-24. 3%,and the annual economic loss amounted to 197. 472-680. 757 million Yuan RMB.