果蔬类垃圾主发酵堆肥产物储放和利用的恶臭释放特征

Characteristics of Odor Emissions from Fresh Compost During Storage and Application

鉴于目前尚缺乏主发酵堆肥产物储放和土地利用的恶臭风险评估数据,本文基于21 d恶臭释放潜力实验,描述了果蔬类垃圾主发酵堆肥产物在此过程中的恶臭释放源强特征,并据此评估其在储放和利用时的恶臭释放特征.结果表明,主发酵堆肥产物在实验过程中持续释放氨气、硫化物、苯系物和萜类物质,并以氨气为主;醇类物质、醛类物质的释放随时间逐渐减少,而酮类物质在整个过程中持续释放但释放量很少.通过模拟封闭环境和自然场地两个场景,本文从恶臭风险角度计算出在封闭环境中每平方米内可接受的主发酵产物的暂存或直接利用量,以及主发酵产物能够在自然场地中直接利用的使用量和最小防护距离要求.

The direct application of fresh compost is frequent in practice and might cause odor pollution. The present study investigated the characteristics of odor emissions and aimed to estimate the environmental effect of odor over the course of storage and application.An odors emission potential test lasting 21 days was conducted using primarily fermented fruit and vegetable waste compost. The results showed that the fresh compost primarily emitted ammonia,as well as sulfur compounds,benzenes,and terpenes throughout the experiment. Alcohol and aldehyde emissions decreased over time,whereas ketone emissions were consistently low. By simulating two scenarios—one in an enclosed space and one in open air—the quantity of fresh compost could be applied or stored,and the protective distance was calculated from the point of odor potential.