提高中国粮食安全方法探究──基于深根豆科牧草的利用

Ways for Promoting Food Security in China: Based on the Use of Deep-rooted Legume Herbage

作为最大的发展中国家,中国仅占世界耕地总量的10%,却必须保障世界22%人口的温饱,粮食供应十分紧张,粮食安全必须得到充分的重视。为缓解粮食供应压力,以蛋白牧草代替粮食。试用黄花草木樨进行栽培,通过测得其蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪和多糖含量与粮食营养含量进行当量计算,同时将进行栽种试验的初期和末期的土壤采样,对比两次测得的土壤理化特征值。测得结果如下:黄花草木樨粗蛋白质含量达到鲜重的17.5%,且营养配比合理,可以替代粮食作物,替代率可达35%左右;另外,栽培黄花草木樨的退化土壤的盐、碱含量、pH值和钠离子交换率明显下降,土壤有机质和土壤全氮含量明显升高。基于此,开发蛋白质牧草可提高中国的粮食安全水平,并且对其栽种的土壤环境并无毒害污染且具有明显的改良效果。

As the largest developing country, China feeds 22% of the world＇s population with 10% of theworld＇s total arable land. We must pay attention to the issue of food security since China＇s food supply istightly balanced. To reduce the pressure of food supply, the authors choose Melilotus officinalis as food.Equivalent calculation was made to compare protein, amino acid, fat and polysaccharide content between foodnutrition content and herbage nutrition content. On the other hand, soil samples of planting beginning andending were collected to compare soil physical and chemical characteristics values. The results showed thatcrude protein content of Melilotus officinalis reached 17.5% of fresh weight and the nutrition proportion wasreasonable. It could replace food crops, the replacement rate could reach 35%. In addition, salt, alkali content,pH value and sodium ion exchange rate of soil with the planting of Melilotus officinalis decreased significantly,content of soil organic matter and total nitrogen increased significantly. Therefore, developing forage protein isan available way to enhance the level of food security in China, and its soil environment has non-toxicpollution but obvious improvement.