基于作物种植角度的黑龙江省热量资源时空格局

Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Heat Resources: Based on Crop Planting Perspective in Heilongjiang

基于作物种植角度分析黑龙江省1971—2014年共44年的热量资源时空特征,利用GIS精细划分积温带,对积温带的移动与变化进行分析。结果表明:近44年中,黑龙江省5、8、15℃稳定通过初日日期总体表现为偏早出现,且趋势显著,每10年提前约1.2~1.8天;生长活动期、旺盛生长期显著延长,每10年增加约1.6~3天;≥10℃积温显著增加,每10年增加84℃?d。近22年与前22年比较,黑龙江省农业种植区大部稳定通过5、8、15℃初日提前2~8天,生长活动期增加3~7天,旺盛生长期增加3~5天。第1、2积温带北移东扩显著,2500℃?d以下的积温带收缩,2500℃?d以上的积温带扩大,近30年积温带变化幅度更明显。2000s第1和第2积温带总和约占黑龙江省近半面积,基本覆盖黑龙江省主要农业种植区。研究结果对黑龙江省应对气候变化,调整农作物种植结构和品种熟性具有指导意义。

From the crop planting perspective, the authors analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics ofheat resources in Heilongjiang from 1971 to 2014, and studied the movement and change of ATZ（accumulatedtemperature zone） by finely dividing ATZ based on GIS. The results showed that： the beginning date of thecritical temperature, such as 5℃, 8℃ and 15℃, appeared early overall over the past 44 years, and the trendwas obvious, these critical temperature advanced with a rate of 1.2-1.8 d/10 a; the growth activity period andvigorous growing period were prolonged with a rate of 1.6-3 d/10 a; ≥10℃ accumulated temperature increasedsignificantly by 84℃·d/10 a; compared with the first 22 years, in the second 22 years, the beginning date ofcritical temperature（5℃, 8℃ and 15℃） was 2-8 days in advance, the growth activity period increased 3-7 days, the vigorous growing period increased 3-5 days in major agricultural regions of Heilongjiang. The 1 stATZand 2 ndATZ obviously moved toward the north and the east, and ATZ under 2500℃·d was shrunk, and ATZabove 2500℃·d was expanded. During the past 30 years, the change ranges of the ATZ were more obvious. Thetotal area of the 1 stATZ and 2 ndATZ occupied near half of Heilongjiang in 2000 s, and covered main plantingareas. The results have certain guiding significance for dealing with the climate change, adjusting the cropplanting structure and the maturing types of variety in Heilongjiang.