西双版纳环境友好型生态橡胶园与橡胶纯林鸟类多样性对比分析

Comparison of Bird Diversity between Environment-friendly Eco-rubber Plantation and Rubber Pure Forest

在2017年1—6月,采用样线法对西双版纳环境友好型生态橡胶园和橡胶纯林开展鸟类多样性调查。结果共记录到鸟类11目32科60种,其中江南环境友好型生态胶园记录到11目32科56种,江北橡胶纯林记录到7目23科28种;江南、江北2块基地均有分布的鸟类有24种;有国家二级保护物种2种,国家保护的有益的或者有重要经济、科学研究价值鸟类16种;按居留类型划分,有留鸟38种,旅鸟15种,夏候鸟4种,冬候鸟3种;按生态类型划分,有鸣禽50种,涉禽4种,猛禽3种,攀禽3种;Shannon-Wiener指数H_(江南)=8.35,H_(江北)=6.40,H_(江南)>H_(江北);鸟类对生境选择呈现树林灌丛>近岸水域>环境友好型生态胶园>纯林的特点;江南环境友好型生态胶园鸟类多样性明显多于江北橡胶纯林。

The survey of bird diversity in environment-friendly eco-rubber plantations and pure rubber forests based on the sample-line method showed that 60 species birds belonged to 32 families and 11 orders,among which 56 species belonging to 32 families and 11 orders were recorded in the Jiangnan environment-friendly eco-rubber plantations and 28 species belonging to 23 families and 7 orders were recorded in the Jiangbei rubber pure forests. There were 24 species of birds distributed in Jiangnan and Jiangbei. This survey recorded 2 species of national second-class protection and 16 species of state protection with useful or important economic and scientific research values. According to the type of residence,there were 38 species of resident birds,15 species of travelers,4 species of summer migratory birds and 3 species of winter migratory birds. Divided by the ecological type,there were 50 species of songbirds,4 species of wading birds,3 species of raptors and 3 species of scansorial birds. The H value of ShannonWiener index in Jiangnan was 8.35,surpassing the value of 6.40 in Jiangbei. The selection of habitats for birds presented the characteristics of shrubsnearshore watersenvironment-friendly eco-rubber plantationspure forest. The diversity of birds in Jiangnan environment-friendly eco-rubber plantations was significantly higher than that in Jiangbei rubber pure forests.