民国中医抗疫的主体作用及其现代启示——兼论儒医的人文情怀

Traditional Chinese Doctor's Dominant Role of Anti-epidemic Diseases in the Republic of China and Its Modern Enlightenment from the Perspective of Bioethics

民国时期疫病频发,中医、西医两支医疗队伍均从事抗疫工作,救治灾民。西医长于疫病预防但治疗无方且受到民众拒绝和抵制,而中医短于疫病预防但擅长治疗各种疫病且民众自觉迎合;同时,中医以数量的绝对优势遍布于中华大地,通过与广大民众密切联系而祛除疫病、保护生命,坐实了民国时期抗疫的主体地位。中医的抗疫主体地位与儒学也有着极为密切的联系,在政府摧残、西医藐视的困境中,儒学激励广大中医遵从儒家古训、高举仁爱大旗奔赴抗疫前线,为疫病患者传递生命关怀,为中医抗疫提供浑厚的精神动力;更重要的是,深受儒学传统浸润的广大民众与中医群体因共同的文化信仰而生成坚实的心理认同。因此,儒学将中医与民众统一为一个抗疫共同体,凝聚成一股强大的抗疫力量。对于今天的疾病控制而言,应将中医纳入现代疾病控制体系,同时强化疫病控制过程中的人文关怀,增强抗疫工作的凝聚力,形成全民防疫。

When epidemic diseases chronically happened during the period of the Republic of China（1912-1949）,both Chinese and western medical teams worked in the resistance to the diseases. Western medicine was treated unresponsively and rejected by the public and boycotted because they were good at diseaseprevention while traditional Chinese medicine（ TCM） was good at treating various diseases and thus became popular with the local people and recognized by them. At the same time,traditional Chinese medicine has been abundantly distributed in the vast land of China. Through close ties with the public,traditional Chinese medicine has eliminated the epidemic diseases and saved lives,and has played an uttermost role in the epidemic prevention during the Republic of China. The dominant status of Chinese traditional medicine in fighting epidemic and Confucianism are also closely linked. In the predicament of the government destroying and contempt of the Western medicine,Confucianism encouraged the majority of Chinese doctors to follow the ancient Confucian teachings and exalts the banner of love and tolerance to the epidemic prevention frontline to transmit life care for the patients suffered from epidemics. TCM anti-epidemic provides strong spiritual motivation. All these haveimportant implications for today＇s disease control. More importantly,the public deeply infiltrated by Confucianism and TCM have formed a profound psychological identity due to their common cultural beliefs. Therefore,Confucianism unified TCM and the public as an anti-epidemic community and condensed them into a powerful anti-epidemic force. Traditional Chinese medicine should be integrated into the modern disease control system,and meanwhile humanistic care in the process of disease control should be intensified,and the cohesiveness of the anti-epidemic work should be strengthened to form the National Epidemic Prevention campaign.