不同职业场所员工听力防护认识和行为比较及影响因素初探

Comparison of knowledge and behavior toward hearing protection among workers in different workplaces and its influence factors

目的探讨不同职业场所员工听力防护认识和行为比较及影响因素。方法2016年8。11月，选取工作场所噪声危害严重的2家企业，通过现场调查和资料核查分析健康管理水平；设计调查问卷，从听力健康基础知识、噪声危害接受程度、护听器佩戴舒适性、工作场所氛围影响等四个方面分析员工听力防护认识与行为。结果企业均为员工配发了符合防护性能要求的护听器，A企业的噪声强度水平较低，但管理落实不到位，工作中坚持佩戴护听器的员工比例明显低于B企业（P〈0．01）；A企业员工倾向于低估噪声水平（P〈0．01），且对噪声聋的健康危害认识明显低于B企业（P〈0．01）；虽然2家企业员工都有罹患噪声聋的担心（P〉0．05），但B企业员工能够更加积极地看待防护用品的重要性（P〈0．01）并依赖其提供的防护作用（P〈0．01），该意识也反过来促使其尽快适应和习惯在工作过程中自觉佩戴防护用品（P〈0．01）。结论良好的健康管理实践在帮助员工形成健康认识和行为中起关键作用，有效保护员工健康需要企业构建有利于健康的支持性环境。

Objective To compare the knowledge and behavior toward hearing protection among workers in different workplaces and investigate its influence factors. Methods 2 manufacturing companies with obvious noise hazard in workplace were selected into the study. Health management level was distinguished through field investigation and verification. Questionnaire focus on basic knowledge of hearing health, acceptance level of noise hazard, comfort of wearing hearing protectors and atmosphere in workplace was designed and was used to investigate the knowledge and behavior toward hearing protection. Results Hearing protectors that meet the level of protection are distributed throughout the workplaces. Although company A has a lower noise hazards level, the health management system was poorly executed. The proportion of workers persisting in wearing hearing protectors throughout the work shift in company A was lower than B （P〈0.01）. Workers in company A intended to underestimate the noise level （P〈0.01） and the health effect of hearing loss （P〈O.01）. All the workers were worry about suffering from hearing loss （P〉0.05）, but those in company B had more positive attitude toward the protection of hearing protector（P〈0.01 ） and relied on the protector （P〈0.O1）. The awareness of protection, in turn, help workers adapt attitude and get used to wearing hearing protectors consciously in workplace （P〈0.01）. Conclusion Health management performance play a key role in help workers form good knowledge and behavior. To protect workplace health, employers need to creative a healthy supportive environment for workers.