某汽车部件制造厂噪声作业工人听力损失特征分析

Analysis on characteristics of hearing loss in occupational noise-exposed workers in automotive manufacturing industry

目的了解汽车部件制造行业接触噪声的作业工人在岗期间听力水平变化特征。方法2017年1月至6月，对530名作业工人进行噪声作业职业健康检查，利用Poisson回归模型分析接触噪声的作业工人实际接触噪声工龄与职业性听力损失之间的关联。结果经年龄和性别校正后，接触噪声工龄〈3年组作业工人500、1000、2000、3000、4000、6000Hz双耳平均听阈分别为20．15±3．60、18．80±3．43、18．54±3．38、19．10±4．03、20．32±6．79、23．48±8．92dB（A）；接触噪声工龄3—10年组作业工人500、1000、2000、3000、4000、6000Hz双耳平均听阈分别为20．96±5．38、19．25±4．76、19．22±5．29、20．17±7．50、21．36±8．88、25．39±11．60dB（A）；接触噪声工龄〉10年组作业工人500、1000、2000、3000、4000、6000Hz双耳平均听阈分别为20．18±3．67、18．34±3．60、18．36±4．25、18．49±4．41、20．32±9．24、22．50±9．57dB（A）。Poisson回归模型分析结果显示，噪声作业组相对于非噪声作业组工人听力损失的相对危险度RR值=4．38（P〈0．05）。结论汽车部件制造行业接触噪声的作业工人存在听力损伤，接触噪声的实际工龄与作业工人听力损失具有相关性。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of hearing loss in occupational noise-exposed workers in automotive manufacturing industry. Methods According to Technical Specifications for Occupational Health Surveillance （GBZ188-2014）, 530 noise-exposed workers were examined for health and pure tone audiometry during January to June, 2017, and the data were collected for analysis. Poisson regression analysis was used to analysis the relationship between work age and hearing loss. Results After correction of age and gender, pure-tone threshold of 500, 1 000, 2 000, 3 000, 4 000, 6 000 of the noise-exposed workers in the 〈3 year-exposure group were 20.15±3.60,18.80±3.43,18.54±3.38,19.10±4.03,20.32±6.79,23.48±8.92 dB （A）; the values in the 3-10 year-exposure group were 20.96±5.38,19.25±4.76,19.22±5.29,20.17±7.50,21.36±8.88,25.39±11.60 dB （A） ; the values in the 〉10 year-exposure group were 20.18±3.67,18.34±3.60,18.36±4.25,18.49±4.41, 20.32±9.24,22.50±9.57 dB （A）. Poisson regression analysis showed that the relative risk （RR） of hearing loss of the noise-exposed workers compared with the noise-free workers was 4.38 （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The noise-exposed workers in automotive manufacturing industry revealed hearing loss, which was associated with their actual working age of noise exposure.