湘西州农村中学生健康危险行为与人格特质的关系研究

The relationship between health-risk behaviors and personality traits of high school students in rural areas of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture

目的了解湘西州农村中学生健康危险行为的现状,探讨健康危险行为与人格特质的关系,为防治健康危险行为提供参考。方法分层随机整群抽取1 724名湘西州农村中学生,对其偏食、缺乏锻炼、吸烟、饮酒、网络成瘾、非安全场所游泳、打架、孤独、自杀意念等健康危险行为和精神质、内外向、神经质等维度的人格特质进行问卷调查,探讨健康危险行为与人格特质的关系。结果湘西州农村中学生偏食、缺乏体育锻炼、吸烟、饮酒、网络成瘾、非安全场所游泳、打架、孤独、自杀意念的报告率分别为27.20%、59.11%、22.04%、26.51%、15.72%、35.79%、27.20%、60.67%、18.91%;精神质与吸烟、饮酒、网络成瘾、非安全场所游泳、自杀意念呈正相关(P<0.01);内外向与偏食、缺乏体育锻炼呈负相关(P<0.05),与饮酒呈正相关(P<0.05);神经质与吸烟、饮酒、网络成瘾、自杀意念、打架、孤独呈正相关(P<0.05);掩饰性与网络成瘾、非安全场所游泳、打架呈负相关(P<0.01);倾向或典型精神质中学生的吸烟、饮酒、网络成瘾、非安全场所游泳、打架、孤独、自杀意念行为的报告率均高于正常型精神质,缺乏体育锻炼、自杀意念报告率内向型高于外向型和中间型,倾向或典型神经质学生的孤独、自杀意念报告率高于中间型学生,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论湘西州农村中学生健康危险行为报告率较高,不同维度人格特质的中学生健康危险行为状况不同,应加强学校、家庭和社会合作,为中学生健康生活方式和健康人格的塑造创造和谐环境。

Objective To understand the relationship between health-risk behaviors and personality traits of high school students in rural areas of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture. Methods A total of 1 724 students were randomly selected using a stratified cluster sampling method from rural high schools of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture.A questionnaire survey was conducted to address the link between their health-risk behaviors as unhealthy dietary behaviors,drinking,smoking,fighting,physical inactivity,internet addiction,swimming in unsafe places,loneliness,suicidal ideation and their personality traits as introversion/extroversion,neuroticism and others. Results The reported rates of unhealthy dietary behaviors,physical inactivity,smoking,drinking,internet addiction,swimming in unsafe place,aggressive behaviors,loneliness,suicidal ideation were 27.20%,59.11%,22.04%,26.51%,15.72%,35.79%,27.20%,60.67%and 18.91%,respectively.Psychoticism was found to be positively correlated with smoking,drinking,internet addiction,swimming in unsafe places and suicidal ideation（P 0.01）.EPQ-E was negatively correlated with unhealthy dietary behaviors and physical inactivity（P〈0.05）,and positively correlated with drinking（P〈0.05）.Neuroticism was positively correlated with smoking,drinking,internet addiction,suicidal ideation,fighting and loneliness（P〈0.05）.EPQ-L was negatively correlated with internet addiction,swimming in unsafe places and aggressive behaviors（P〈0.01）.Students with health-risk behaviors were more likely to have or tend to have mental problems while more students with introversion traits were physically inactive and had suicidal attempts compared to those with extroversion personality.The reported rates of loneliness and suicidal ideation were higher among students with neuroticism（P〈0.05）. Conclusions The rate of health-risk behaviors among high school students in rural areas of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture is still relatively high.Health-risk behaviors vary among students with different personality traits.In order to improve their health behaviors,schools,families and the whole society should be well cooperated to create a harmonious environment for students.