旅游社区居民感知景观变化及空间结构——以丽江市束河古镇为例

Residents' Perception and Spatial Structure of Landscape Change in Tourism Communities:A Case Study of Shuhe Old Town in Lijiang

景观变化是国内外地理学界的研究热点之一,但现有研究方法对景观变化所带来社会效应的解释能力还相对欠缺。论文以丽江市束河古镇为案例地,采用了一种地理分析与社会调查分析相结合的混合研究方法,通过PPGIS和半结构访谈进行调查,共获得300套访谈问卷与填图以及景观变化感知空间点数据1 614个,基于质性分析和空间分析揭示案例地居民复杂感知内容及其空间特征。文章主要探讨了在社区景观快速变化的背景下,居民感知的景观变化类型、空间格局以及感知景观变化与实际物质景观变化之间的联系。结果显示:1)通过访谈调查获得的感知景观变化内容复杂,但存在环境变化、农田房屋利用变化、生活空间变化、经济变化的主体结构;2)感知景观变化在空间分布上呈斑状或带状分布,与社区主要景观节点、居住空间、生产和生活资源的分布位置相关联;3)土地利用方式变化和利用形态变化对感知变化的影响同等重要,利用方式改变所承载的社会构成变化为解释景观变化社会效应提供了依据。

Landscape change is one of the research hotspots in the field of geography at home and abroad, but the abilities of most research methods in explaining social effects of landscape changes are relatively limit. This study tends to reveal the spatial characteristics of residents＇ complex perceptual content of landscape changes based on qualitative analysis and spatial analysis. Taking Shuhe old town as a case, this paper studies the landscape change by using a hybrid analysis method of geographical and social investigation which adopted PPGIS method and semi-structured interviews. Finally, we obtained 300 sets of questionnaires and maps and1 614 points of perceived landscape changes. The types and spatial patterns of residents＇ perceived landscape changes in rapidly changed landscape communities are discussed. The results are shown as follows： 1） The perceived landscape changes obtained by interview are complex, which include environmental change, land use change, living space change, and economic change. 2） The perceived landscape changes were in shapes of patch or stripe which are in related with the locations of the main landscape nodes, living spaces, life resources in the community. 3） Land-use mode change and land-use form change have equally important influence on the perceived changes, and the social structure change which is carried by the utilization mode change provides the basis for explaining the social effect on landscape change.