养分优化管理促进间作小麦高产群体的构建

Nutrient Optimal Management Promotes the Construction of High-yield Population of Intercropping Wheat

旨在探讨养分供应水平如何影响小麦/西瓜/玉米间作体系小麦群体动态和产量的形成,为建立间作小麦高产高效技术体系提供科学依据。本试验为单因素随机区组设计的田间试验,共设置了2个施肥处理,即农户传统管理(Con处理)和养分优化管理(Opt处理)。从小麦返青期开始,监测间作小麦在2种施肥处理下,边行和内行的分蘖数、抽穗数、扬花数动态变化及收获期的生物量、产量及其构成要素。研究结果表明,养分的优化管理显著增加了间作小麦边行及内行的有效分蘖数、抽穗数和扬花数,提高了小麦的成穗率,从而增加了平方穗数。同时,养分优化管理也增强间作小麦的边行优势,其小麦产量较传统施肥处理增产11.8%,收获指数增加16.7%。因此,在小麦/西瓜/玉米间作体系中,养分优化可通过控制物种互作,提高间作小麦边行的收获指数,促进间作小麦高产群体的建成,将有助于提高间作优势。

This study aims to explore how nutrient application influences population dynamic and yield of wheat in wheat/watermelon/maize intercropping system, and to provide a scientific basis for establishing high yield and high efficiency cropping system of the intercropping wheat. The current study is a single factor randomized block design of field experiment, and includes two fertilizer treatments： farmers conventional（Con）and nutrient optimal management（Opt）. From the beginning of the re-greening stage, we monitored the dynamic changes of the tiller number, panicles number, and flower number of the intercropping wheat in both border rows and inner rows under the two fertilizer treatments. At the harvest stage, we collected the data of final biomass, yield and yield component. The results revealed that the nutrient optimal management significantly increased the number of effective tillers, the ears and the flowers of the intercropped wheat in the border rows and the inner rows, and augmented the proportion of the ear-bearing tiller and therefore the ear number per m2 area. At the same time, the nutrient optimal management enhanced the border-row advantage of the intercropping wheat and increased wheat yield by 11.8% and the harvest index by 16.7%, as compared with the farmer conventional management. It is concluded that in the wheat/watermelon/maize system, the plants in the border rows, empowering the intercropping wheat to establish high-yield population, thus to improve the intercropping advantage.