地区差距与中国居民收入差距(2002-2013)

Regional effects on Income Inequality, 2002-2013

本文根据中国居民收入分配课题组(CHIP)最近三轮的住户调查数据,利用G·Fields分解和无条件分位回归分解,讨论了城乡差距和区域差距在全国收入差距及其变动方面的解释作用。2002年至2007年期间,居民收入差距继续扩大;2007年至2013年期间,居民收入差距有所缩小。在这两种变化过程中,城乡(城镇-农村-流动人口)之间、区域(东中西部)之间的收入差距状况都具有非常重要的解释作用。从收入差距的内部结构来看,地区因素对于收入分布低分位点的收入增长具有重要解释作用,而教育特征对于高分位点的收入增长具有更高的解释份额;地区因素禀赋效应缩小了高端不平等(90与50分位点的对数收入差),但扩大了低端收入不平等(50与10分位点的对数收入差);两个时期中,教育状况都成为扩大低端不平等的因素。

By use of the last three waves of household surveys conducted by China Household Income Project （CHIP） at 2002, 2007, and 2013 respectively, this paper focuses on the regional effects （including urban-rural, and East-Middle-West China） on income inequality and the changes of income inequality with application of G · Fields decomposition and decomposition based on unconditional quantile regression. Income inequality increased from 2002 to 2007, while declined from 2007 to 2013. Regional effects positively contributed the changes of income inequality in both periods. Income growth at low quantile of income distribution was mainly explained by regional effects, while income growth at high quantile mainly resulted from education endowment. Both regional effects and education increased the bottom inequality （measured by the log difference of income at 50th and 10th quantiles）, while the regional effects reduced the top inequality （measured by the log difference of income at 90th and 50th quantile）.