出口贸易与企业研发能力——来自中国工业企业微观数据的证据

Export and Industrial R&D An Empirical Study Based on Micro Data of China

使用2005-2007年全部国有及规模以上工业企业的微观数据,本文对出口贸易与我国企业研发能力之间的关系进行实证分析,并采用倾向得分匹配法进行内生性和稳健性检验。结果显示,出口对企业的研发能力有显著的提升作用,且相较于研发投入来说,出口对研发产出的提升作用更大;进一步的研究表明,划分不同地域时,出口对东部地区企业的研发产出有显著促进作用,而对中西部地区企业的研发投入和研发产出都有显著促进作用。当划分不同所有制时,回归结果显示,出口对外资企业的研发产出有促进作用,但是其对国有企业创新能力提升幅度更大。进一步的研究同时显示,相对于非技术密集型企业,出口使技术密集型企业创新能力提升幅度更大。

Based on the micro data of all state-owned and above-scale industrial firms from 2005 to 2007, this paper empirically analyzes the relationship between export and R＆D and adopt PSM to test endogeneity and robustness. The results show that export behavior has positive effect on finns＇ R＆D activity. Compared with R＆D investment, export improves R＆D output more. Further research reveals that, export improves eastern firms＇ R＆D investment while it improves central and western firms＇ both R＆D investment and R＆D output. At the same time, the results suggest that export has a positive effect on foreign-funded enterprises＇ R＆D output while it positively affects state-owned enterprises＇ both R＆D investment and R＆D output. What＇s more, when compared with technologically lagging firms, technologically firms＇ innovation can be improved more significantly by export trade.