核电站操纵员职业健康状况及健康行为调查

Investigation on occupation health status and health related behaviors of nuclear power plant operators

目的分析核电站操纵员职业健康状况,了解核电站操纵员的健康相关行为,为制定有针对性的健康管理提供依据。方法对2016年在苏州大学附属第二医院进行职业健康检查的649人核电站操纵员检查资料进行分析,并进行健康行为问卷调查。结果核电站操纵员听力、心电图、甲状腺、血压、微核、视野和晶状体异常检出率分别为27.89%、26.19%、24.96%、12.02%、3.24%、3.24%和1.85%,各工龄组间听力及微核异常检出率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并且随着工龄的增长异常检出率均有增高的趋势(趋势检验P<0.05)。不同工龄组间红细胞计数、血糖、总胆固醇和甘油三酯比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。本次调查的649名核电站操纵员中,正确进行职业防护者占98.46%,定期参加职业健康检查者占98.00%,吸烟者占13.87%,饮酒者占1.54%,规律参加体育锻炼者占19.72%,经常参加文化娱乐活动者占8.94%。结论需要加强对核电站操纵员的健康防护,尤其是听力防护和辐射防护,应长期、定期及分层次开展职业卫生防护培训,将职业健康教育与一般健康教育相结合,促使其形成正确的健康观念和健康行为。

[Objective]To analyze the occupational health status of nuclear power plants operators,understand their health related behaviors,and provide the basis for the formulation of targeted health management measures.[Methods]The physical examination data of 649 nuclear power plant operators who have received the physical examination in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University in 2016 were analyzed and the a questionnaire survey of health behavior were conducted.[Results] The abnormalities rate of hearing,electrocardiogram,thyroid,blood pressure,micronucleus,visual field and eye lens were 27.89%,26.19%,24.96%,12.02%,3.24%,3.24% and 1.85%,respectively. The differences in the abnormalities rates of hearing and micronucleus were statistically significant among operators with different working age（P〈0.05）,and the abnormalities rates increased with increasing of working age（the trend test P〈0.05）. The differences in the levels of red blood cell,blood glucose,total cholesterol,triglycerides were statistically significant among operators with different working age（P〈0.05）. The proportion of the nuclear power plant operators with correct occupational protection,regular occupational health examination,smoking,drinking,regular exercisers,regular cultural activities was 98.46%,98.00%,13.87%,1.54%,19.72% and 8.94%,respectively.[Conclusion]It is necessary to strengthen the health protection in nuclear power plants operators,especially the hearing and radiation,carry out long-term,regular and hierarchical occupational health protection training,combine health education with general health education to format correct health concepts and healthy behaviors.