2013—2016年上海市浦东新区孕产妇乙肝表面抗原携带率及新生儿乙肝疫苗接种现况

Carrying rate of HBs Ag in pregnant women and neonatal hepatitis B vaccination in Shanghai Pudong New District from 2013-2016

目的了解2013—2016年上海市浦东新区孕产妇乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBs Ag)阳性率及新生儿乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗接种情况,为制定降低孕产妇乙肝防治策略、降低新生儿乙肝病毒感染风险提供依据。方法收集17家产科机构2013—2016年孕产妇检测及新生儿接种资料进行统计与分析。结果共有孕产妇182 079人,HBs Ag阳性率4.32%,本市、外来孕产妇HBs Ag检测率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=3 628.0,P<0.01);HBs Ag阳性孕产妇的新生儿联合免疫接种率89.58%;新生儿及时接种率99.19%,未及时接种的原因依次是体重评分未达标、非传染性疾病、非健康原因、传染性疾病,其中主要是因为低体重新生儿。结论上海市浦东新区孕产妇HBs Ag阳性率较低,而HBs Ag阳性孕产妇的新生儿联合免疫接种率有待提高,对未及时接种的低体重新生儿,产科机构应根据上海市规范要求及时开展疫苗接种,产科机构应联合社区卫生服务中心、妇幼保健机构等建立联合保障机制。

[Objective]To understand the positive rate of hepatitis B surface antigen（HBs Ag） in pregnant women and neonatal hepatitis B vaccination in Pudong New Area from 2013-2016, and to provide evidence for developing control measures of hepatitis B in pregnant women and reducing the risk of neonatal HBV infection. [Methods] The maternal test results and neonatal vaccination information were collected from 17 obstetrical institutions for statistical analysis. [Results] Of 182 079 pregnant women,the positive rate of HBs Ag was 4.32%. There was a significant difference in the HBs Ag detection rate between the local pregnant women and the nonlocal pregnant women（χ~2=3 628.0, P〈0.01）. The co-immunization rate of HBs Ag-positive pregnant women and newborns was 89.58%. The timely vaccination rate of newborns was 99.19%. The causes of untimely inoculation were non-standard weight scores, non-communicable diseases, non-health causes and infectious diseases, low birth weight was the primary cause. [Conclusion] The positive rate of HBs Ag in pregnant women in Pudong New Area is relatively low, while the coimmunization rate of newborns and HBs Ag-positive pregnant women needs to be improved. For low birth weight newborns who are not vaccinated in time, obstetric institutions should carry out vaccination in accordance with the requirements of Shanghai.Maternity institutions should establish joint security mechanism with community health service centers and maternal and child health care institutions.