基于社会认知理论分析大学生安全套使用的影响因素

Condom use and its influence factors among college students:based on social cognitive theory

目的了解大学生安全套使用情况及影响因素,为大学生艾滋病预防和高危性行为干预提供参考。方法通过立意抽样与滚雪球抽样,依据＂信息饱和＂原则,对20名有性行为的大学生进行个别深入访谈。结果调查对象获取安全套的途径多样,主要由自己和性伴侣决定是否使用安全套;调查对象缺乏坚持使用安全套的意识,重视安全套的避孕作用,而忽视其预防疾病的作用。多自学安全套使用技巧,自认为掌握的知识正确;调查对象对偶遇/临时和商业性行为持包容态度。影响大学生安全套使用的主要因素有安全套使用自我效能低、性观念开放、学校和家庭教育缺乏。结论学校应对大学生提供全面、深入的性健康教育,加强同伴教育,重点提高大学生使用安全套的自我效能。

Objective To analyze condom use and its influence factors among college students and provide information for high-risk sexual behavior intervention.Methods Based on the principle of information saturation,an indepth interview was conducted with 20 college students who experienced in sexual behavior via purposive sampling and snowball sampling.Results There were many ways for the students to get condoms.They and their sexual partners decided whether to use condoms.They lacked the awareness of using condoms consistently,thinking condoms were for contraception not for disease prevention.Usually they learned the skills of condom use by themselves and presumed they had right knowledge of condom use.They were tolerant of occasional and commercial sex.The main influence factors for condom use among college students included low self-efficacy,liberal view on sex and the lack of sexual education from schools and families.Conclusion Comprehensive and in-depth sexual health education should be provided to them and peer education be strengthened to improve their self-efficacy of condom use.