大学衍生企业:概念属性、创生动因与运行机制

University Spin-off Companies In Innovation System:A Review of Research Expectation

在创新体系里大学衍生企业处于创新与市场的界面。"衍生企业"的基本含义是大学研究和技术转化出来的企业或大学员工创办的企业。大学衍生企业具有双重属性。一是它源自大学,大学文化、学科、机构、政策、人员等直接决定了大学衍生企业创设;二是接受市场检验,参与市场竞争。对大学衍生企业的研究立足于大学和市场,关注两者交互产生的影响,这对丰富企业组织理论具有学术意义。大学衍生企业不仅仅是长期存在的,而且还需要大力推进其发展。在衍生阶段大学的功能与作用显著,在成长发展阶段市场提供的风险资本、人力资源、营销网络等显得尤为重要。大学衍生企业成长进程是大学与企业交替作用的过程,但识别出在不同的阶段并采取相应的政策设计需要更为深入的研究,从而为我国推进大学衍生企业蓬勃发展提供政策设计的基础知识。

University spin-off companies are on the interface of innovation and market in the innovation system. The basic meaning of ＂Spin-off companies＂is the enterprise formed by the university research and technological transformation or founded by university staff. University spin-off companies have double attribute. First,it comes from universities,university culture,disciplines,institutions,policies,personnel and so on,which directly determines the establishment of university derivative enterprises. Second,it accepts the market test,participates in the market competition. The research about the university spin-off enterprises is based on the university and the market,and pays attention to the influence of the two interaction,which has academic significance to enrich the enterprise organization theory. University spin-off enterprises not only long exist,but also need to vigorously promote their development. In the derivative stage,the function of the university is significant,in the stage of growth and development,the risk capital and human resources provided by the market. Marketing network is particularly important. The process of university spin-off enterprises is the process of the alternant action between university and enterprise,but it needs more in-depth research to identify the different stages and adopt the corresponding policy design. The review of the research progress provides the basic knowledge of policy design for promoting the flourishing development of university spin-off enterprises in China.