土壤重金属检测方法应用现状及发展趋势

Status Application and Trend of Detection Method for Soil Heavy Metal

随着土壤重金属污染问题日趋严重,研究和探索土壤重金属检测方法具有重要意义。综述了化学、物理、生物三大类土壤重金属检测常用方法,包括原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、电化学分析方法,X射线荧光光谱法、激光诱导击穿光谱法,测汞仪法;酶抑制法和生物传感器法等,并总结了各种检测方法的特点及应用中存在问题。在此基础上,讨论了土壤重金属检测发展方向,以期为研究者提供一定的参考。

With the worsening problem of heavy metal pollution in soil,it is of great importance to study the detection methods of soil heavy metal. This paper review chemical,physical and biological three commonly used methods for detecting heavy metals. Such as Atomic Absorption Spectrometry（AAS）,Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry（AFS）,Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectra（ICP-ES）,Electrochemical Analysis,X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry（XFS）,Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy（LIBS）,Mercury Meter Method,Enzyme inhibition and Biosensor method and so on. Meanwhile summarize the features and disadvantages of each method. On the basis,discuss the developing direction of detection methods for soil heavy metal and propose the material for reference.