欧洲李枝叶生长与果实发育动态相关性研究

Study on New Shoots Growth and Fruits Development of Prunus domestica

探讨欧洲李在阿克苏地区的新梢生长和果实发育动态关系,为制定合理的栽培管理技术提供理论基础。观测各品种的物候期,测量新梢长度和粗度、果实的三径、叶绿素和叶面积,分析欧洲李各品种间新梢与果实生长发育间的相互关系。各品种在物候期上相差1~2天,欧洲李的新梢快速生长期是在同一时期,‘法兰西’果实最先成熟,其次是‘斯坦勒’,‘女神’最晚;欧洲李果实发育在第1次快速生长阶段(在盛花后14~21或28天),三径日平均增长量最快,纵径大于横径和侧径,在第2次缓慢生长阶段(在盛花后28~62天)和第3次快速生长阶段(盛花后62天至果实成熟)横径和侧径大于纵径,单果重增加主要是在第3快速增长阶段。新梢的生长有2次生长高峰。叶面积和叶绿素快速增长都在盛花后14~42天(4月22日—5月20日)。在阿克苏地区的欧洲李果实三径和单果重生长都呈‘双S’曲线。在整个果实生长期‘女神’单果重的增长量最多。新梢的长度、粗度与单叶面积和叶绿素生长变化趋势一致。新梢和果实发育动态在生长前期和后期出现营养竞争,中期出现相互促进关系。

Study on dynamic relationship between shoot growth and fruit development of Prunus domestica in Aksu was carried out to provide a theoretical basis for establishing reasonable cultivation and management techniques. The phenological period of each cultivar was observed, and the length and the diameter of shoot,the three diameters of fruit, chlorophyll and leaf area were measured. All the cultivars had difference in phenological period for 1-2 days, and the rapid growth of new shoots of P. domestica was in the same period,and＇French＇had the first ripe fruit, followed by＇Stanley＇, and the fruit ripening of＇Victoria＇was the most late; during fruit development in the first fast growth stage（14-21 days after full bloom or 28 days）, the day average growth of the three diameters was the fastest, the longitudinal diameter was higher than the transverse diameter and the lateral diameter; in the second slow growth stage（28-62 days after full bloom） and the third fast growing stage（62 days after full bloom to fruit mature）, the transverse diameter and the lateral diameter were higher than the longitudinal diameter, and the single fruit weight increased mainly in the third fast growing stage and new shoots had two growing peaks. The rapid growth of leaf area and chlorophyll was 14-42 days after flowering（April 22 nd-May 20 th）. The three diameters and single fruit weight of P. domestica in Aksu area both showed a＇double S＇curve. During the whole fruit growth period, the single fruit weight growth of Victoria＇was the largest. The length and the diameter of new shoots were consistent with the changes of leaf area and chlorophyll content. The development trends of new shoots and fruits in the early and late stage had vegetative competition, while promoted each other in the middle stage.