正宁藜麦栽植的农业气候分析

Agricultural Climate Analysis for Quinoa Planting in Zhengning

通过2013—2017年正宁县藜麦种植的农业气象观测资料分析,得出正宁藜麦种植以温室育苗进行大田移栽是获得全苗的最佳途径;其适宜育苗期为4月下旬,移栽期在5月下旬末,收获期以8月中旬末下旬初为宜;影响藜麦生长的气象因子主要是移栽至灌浆期温度,此时温度高,藜麦生长发育进程快;日照能满足藜麦全生育期生长需求;降水对藜麦全生育期生长起负作用,降水过多对藜麦生长不利。因此在正宁县川道地区和临近子午岭林区降水量较多的地方不适宜种植藜麦,而在降水较少的海拔1200 m以上塬地和山区气候条件均能满足藜麦的生长。正宁县藜麦从播种到成熟全生育期大约125天左右,≥0℃积温2200~2500℃,日照时数900~1000 h,降水量240~500 mm。本研究虽以正宁为例,但对半干旱半湿润的甘肃省陇东地区藜麦种植区均有较好的借鉴价值。

Based on the analysis of the agricultural meteorological observation data of quinoa cultivation in Zhengning County from 2013 to 2017, we conclude that the best way to get the full stand of seedling is transplanting seedlings to field after cultivation in greenhouse. It is suitable for seedling in late April,transplanting in late May, and harvesting in mid-late and late August. The most important meteorological factor that affects the growth of quinoa is the temperature from transplanting to grouting period, when the temperature is high in this period, the quinoa grows quickly. Sunlight could meet the need of the growth during the whole growth period. Precipitation has a negative effect on the growth during the whole growth period,excessive precipitation is unfavorable to the growth of quinoa. Therefore, it is not suitable to plant quinoa in the Chuandao area of Zhengning County and the forest zone adjacent to Ziwuling, which have more precipitation,while the climate condition of the plateau and mountainous area at the altitude of 1200 m could meet the need of quinoa growth. The whole growth period of quinoa in Zhenging lasts for about 125 days from sowing to ripening, with ≥0℃ accumulated temperature of 2200-2500℃, 900-1000 h sunshine and 240-500 mm precipitation. Although Zhengning is taken as an example in this paper, it has a reference value for semi-arid and semi-humid quinoa planting region in Gansu Province.