PM2.5与呼吸系统疾病发病率关系流行病学调查研究

Epidemiological survey on the incidence of respiratory diseases in high PM2.5 area

目的:探讨PM2.5与居民呼吸系统疾病发病率的关系。方法:选取呼和浩特市、廊坊市居民1239名填写呼吸系统流行病学调查表,统计两地呼吸系统疾病、症状发病率,比较两地区和高PM2.5地区2008年前后发病率差异。在PM2.5地区被调查者中随机抽取200例填写2013-2015年每年度呼吸系统流行病学调查表并统计每年平均PM2.5浓度,探讨呼吸系统疾病和pm2.5的相关性。结果:(1)廊坊地区PM2.5浓度、AQI明显高于呼和浩特地区(P<0.05)。(2)廊坊地区居民2008年后鼻炎、鼻敏感、咽炎、急性上呼吸道感染、鼻窦炎、支气管炎、哮喘、COPD、肺炎、胸膜炎、肺部肿瘤、间质性肺病发病率高于2008年前(P<0.05);廊坊地区居民2008年后咳嗽、咳痰、喘息气促、咽部不适、鼻塞、喉咙痛、咯血、喘鸣、呼吸困难症状发病率高于2008年前(P<0.05)。(3)PM2.5浓度与鼻炎、鼻敏感、咽炎、上感、支气管炎呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:高PM2.5地区鼻炎、鼻敏感、咽炎、急性上呼吸道感染、鼻窦炎、支气管炎、哮喘、COPD、肺炎、胸膜炎、肺部肿瘤、间质性肺病的发病率较高;高PM2.5地区居民更易发作咳嗽、咳痰、喘息气促、咽部不适、鼻塞、喉咙痛、咯血、喘鸣、呼吸困难等呼吸系统症状。

Objective：To investigate the incidence of respiratory diseases in residents of high PM2.5 area.Methods：A total of 1239 resident in Langfang and Hohehot cities were enrolled in the epidemiological questionnaire of respiratory system.The incidences of respiratory diseases and symptoms were compared.Comparison of morbidity rates in Langfang area pre-and-post 2008.200 cases were randomly selected from the respondents in Langfang area to fill out the annual respiratory epidemiological questionnaire in 2013-2015,and the average annual PM2.5 concentration were calculated to investigate the correlation between respiratory disease and pm2.5 concentration.Results：（1）The concentration of PM2.5 and AQI in Langfang area were higher than that in Hohhot area（P〈0.05）.（2）Morbidity of rhinitis,nasal sensitivity,pharyngitis,acute upper respiratory tract infection,sinusitis,bronchitis,asthma,COPD,pneumonia,pleurisy,pulmonary neoplasms and interstitial lung disease after 2008 were higher than that before 2008 in Langfang area（P〈0.05）;Morbidity of cough,wheezing,shortness of breath,throat discomfort,nasal congestion,sore throat,hemoptysis,wheezing and dyspnea after 2008 were higher than that before 2008 in Langfang area（P〈0.05）.（3）The concentration of PM2.5 had positive correlation associated with Rhinitis,nasal sensitivity,pharyngitis,upper respiratory tract infection bronchitis（P〈0.05）.Conclusion：Morbidity of rhinitis,nasal sensitivity,pharyngitis,acute upper respiratory tract infection,sinusitis,bronchitis,asthma,COPD,pneumonia,pleurisy,lung cancer and interstitial lung disease is higher in high PM2.5 area.Residents in high PM2.5 areas were more prone to cough, sputum, wheezing, shortness of breath,throat discomfort,nasal congestion,sore throat,hemoptysis,wheezing,dyspnea.