果蝇热应激生理机制研究进展

Physiological mechanism of heat stress in Drosophila:A review

受全球温室效应和城市热岛效应的影响,高温环境对人类健康的危害越来越严重,生物热应激生理机制的研究逐渐成为热点。由于果蝇对温度敏感、神经元结构简单且基因遗传稳定,因此成为热应激研究的最佳模式生物。文章综述了以果蝇为模型的热感知处理、热偏好及耐热性的研究进展,说明利用果蝇研究热感知过程的优势,以及果蝇应对无害高温的热感受器和应对有害高温的高温伤害感受器,解释果蝇的热偏好及其可能影响因素,阐述果蝇热休克蛋白的诱导表达、表达量与温度阈值、基因结构变异及功能植物和营养素对其耐热性的影响等。今后可将果蝇热感知机制在人体体温调节、食物对生物体热偏好的影响及功能植物和营养素在分子水平上对果蝇耐热性的影响方面进一步探究和深化,以期探索出通过食物调节人体最适温度的方法及更合理的热损伤预防措施。

Influenced by global greenhouse and urban heat island effect,high temperature environment becomes increasingly harmful to human health,which makes the study about physiological mechanism of heat stress in living creature gradually become a research hotspot. Drosophila becomes the best model species for heat stress study due to its sensibility to temperature,simple neuron structure and genetic stability. The research process of thermal sensation processing,temperature preference and thermo tolerance based on Drosophila were reviewed in this paper. The advantages of using Drosophila to study the process of thermal perception,warm receptors responding to innocuous warming and high temperature nociceptors to noxious heat were stated,and temperature preference of Drosophila with its possible influencing factors were pointed out. The induced expression,expression amount and temperature threshold of heat shock proteins in Drosophila were discussed,and the variation of gene structure,effects of functional plants and nutrients on its heat resistance were illustrated in the paper. In the future,the thermal perception mechanism of Drosophila can be further explored in thermoregulation,the effect of food on biological thermal preference and influences of functional plants and nutrients on thermotolerance of Drosophila at the molecular level in order to find out the method of adjusting the optimum human body temperature through food and more reasonable preventive measures of heat injury.