不同树龄水晶蜜柚果实品质比较分析

Fruit quality of crystal honey pomelo with different tree ages

【目的】比较云南瑞丽地区不同树龄水晶蜜柚的果实品质及风味特性,为云南地区水晶蜜柚高效生产提供科学依据。【方法】分别测定云南瑞丽地区3、5、7、10、14和21年生树龄水晶蜜柚果实的单果重、果形指数、皮厚和果皮色泽等外观品质及果实可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、固酸比和维生素C(Vc)含量等内在品质,并对果实进行感官风味品尝鉴定,分析水晶蜜柚果实品质随树龄增长的变化规律。【结果】随着树龄的增长,水晶蜜柚果实的果形指数未发生明显变化;单果重、皮厚及果皮占单果重比例随树龄的增长呈下降趋势,树龄小于14年水晶蜜柚果实间的单果重差异不显著(P>0.05),但皮厚和果皮占单果重比例显著降低(P<0.05,下同),当树龄为21年(进入老龄结果期)时,单果重显著降低。果皮色差指数L*、a*和b*随着树龄增长而逐渐增长,且树龄相差越大,差异越明显。随着树龄的增长,果实的可溶性固形物含量、固酸比和Vc含量均呈先增加后减少的变化趋势,树龄为14年时达最大值,分别为11.97%、18.91和53.70 mg/100 m L;可滴定酸含量呈先减少后增加的变化趋势,树龄为14年时达最小值,为0.63%,与其他树龄差异显著。感官风味评价综合满意度也随树龄的增长呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,树龄为14年时最高,为2.56分。相关性分析结果显示,水晶蜜柚果实的内在品质与果实感官风味存在一定的相关性,其中可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量和固酸比对果实感官风味影响均较明显,Vc含量对果实风味影响相对较小。【结论】云南省瑞丽地区14年生水晶蜜柚果实的外观品质趋于稳定,其内在品质和感官品质最佳。

【Objective】In order to provide a scientific theory basis of crystal honey pomelo high-quality production in Yunnan,fruit qualities and sensory flavor of crystal honey pomelo with tree ages in Ruili,Yunnan were compared.【Method】The test materials were crystal honey pomelo in tree ages of 3,5,7,10,14 and 21 years from Ruili,Yunnan. Their fruit appearance qualities such as single fruit mass,fruit shape index,peel thickness and peel color,as well as their intrinsic qualities such as total soluble solid（TSS）content,titratable acid（TA）content,TSS/TA ratio and vitamin c（Vc）content were determined respectively. In addition,the sensory flavor of the fruits was identified,and the changes of fruit quality in the main production areas of crystal honey pomelo with the age of the tree were analyzed.【Result】The fruit shape index had no great difference with the increase of tree age. Single fruit weight,fruit peel thickness and percentage of peel weight in single fruit decreased with increasing tree ages. But there was no significant difference in single fruit weight of crystal honey pomelo（P〈0.05）,and the fruit peel thickness and percentage of peel weight in single fruit significantly decreased（P〈0.05,the same below）when tree ages were less than 14 years. When the age of the tree was 21 years（entering the old age bearing period）,the single fruit weight decreased significantly,fruit peel aberration index L＊,a＊ and b＊ increased with increasing of tree ages. As tree ages varied greatly,the difference in peel color also enhanced. TSS content,TSS/TA ratio and vitamin C content increased first and then decreased with increasing of tree ages. These values（11.97%,18.91 and 53.70 mg/100 m L respectively）peaked at tree age of 14 years. TA content showed a up-down trend,reachingthe minimum（0.63 %）when it was 14 years old,which was significantly different from other tree ages. The flavor and overall satisfaction also showed a up-down trend with the increase of tree age,and reached the highest score（2.56 points）when the tree age was 14 years. Correlation analysis indicated that the interior qualities were correlated with the sensory flavor. The effects of TSS,TA and TSS/TA ratio on the sensory flavor was large and the effect of vitamin C was relatively small.【Conclusion】The exterior qualities of crystal honey pomelo fruit are stable and the interior qualities and the sensory flavor of fruit are the best when the tree age is 14 years.