中国家具产业运营效率省域差异性研究——基于三阶段DEA-Malquist指数模型

Study on the Efficiency of Provincial Furniture Industry in China: Based on the Three-Stage DEA,Malquist Index Model and Regression Analysis

选取2013—2015年中国30个省域的面板数据,运用三阶段DEA-Malquist指数模型对各地区家具产业的运营效率进行评价,然后建立受限因变量模型进行回归分析。研究结果表明:剔除外部环境因素和随机扰动因素后,由于规模效率值偏低所考察省域的综合效率值处于中等水;各地区技术效率均值呈现东部>中部>西部的态势,这与地区经济发展水平存在相关关系;Malquist生产率指数主要受到技术进步效率的影响,増幅较小;删失回归结果表明效率值与从业人员数等有相关关系。中国的家具产业在未来发展中,应继续扩大产业规模,采取不断引进新技术,提高对外开放水平等措施来提高中国家具产业的运营效率,实现产业结构转型升级。

(1)Background——In recent years,China has become the world's largest furniture manufacturing and export,with the rise of the emerging markets in emerging countries and regions. By 2015,the scale of China's furniture industry income has reached 787. 25 billion yuan,occupying about 20% annual compound growth rate.However,the international competitiveness of China's furniture industry is not great. The industry positioning is still a little low,many furniture companies owns irrational input and output structure. Overcapacity and other issues are serious. Due to the differences in the regional economic development and the level of regional opening up,there are some differences in the development of the furniture industry in various provinces.(2) Methods——Research on operational efficiency can be done by SFA and nonparametric DEA proposed by Charnes. SFA method is taken to solve a variety of input-output problems when the error is large,so the commonly used DEA model to evaluate the relative effectiveness of decision-making units. The method determines whether it is efficient according to the distance between the evaluation unit and the effective production frontier.The traditional DEA model ignores the influence of environmental factors and stochastic errors. Therefore,we use DEA model and SFA model to eliminate environmental factors and random error factors. The operational efficiency can reflect the intrinsic dynamic relationship between input and output by measuring the input-output vector of different periods,and can explain the index more in details. Therefore,the use of three-stage DEA and Malmquist index to analyze the Chinese provinces and regions of the furniture industry operating efficiency is reasonable. Using the limited dependent variable model to analyze the efficiency,we can judge the influence of each index on the efficiency in the global view.(3)Results——After eliminating the external environmental factors and the random disturbance factors,the 30 provinces of comprehensive efficiency values are at a moderate level,and the scale efficiency is the main factor that restricts the improvement of comprehensive efficiency. The Malquist productivity index is mainly affected by the efficiency of technological progress,and the increase rate is small. The result of the deletion regression shows that the efficiency of the regional is related to the regional economic development level. The Malquist productivity index is mainly affected by the efficiency of technological progress. The results of the regression analysis show that the efficiency value is related to the number of employees and other factors.(4)Conclusions and Discussions——The lower efficiency values are mainly limited by the scale efficiency,the number of provinces which achieving DEA effects is less,and most of the provincial efficiency values are at a moderate level. Therefore,enterprises should continue to introduce new technologies. While introducing the new technologies,we should improve the utilization rate of new technologies,increase the new technology into productive forces,apply to the production and operation of the furniture industry,eliminate backward production capacity and realize the transformation of economic structure upgrade.