论社会问题复杂化条件下的政策问题建构模式——读张康之、向玉琼《政策问题建构权的历史演进》

On the Construction Mode of Policy Issues in Condition of the Complexification of Social Issues: A Review on the Historical Progress of the Construction Right of Policy Issues by Zhang Kangzhi & Xiang Yuqiong

20世纪后期以来,人类社会越来越呈现出高度复杂性与高度不确定性的特征,由分析性思维主导的既有政策问题建构模式陷入了困境。在此情况下,人们把公众参与当作一种走出困境的方案,这似乎是向民主路径的回归。但是,由于受到了工业社会治理结构与制度框架等的限制,既有的政策问题建构模式难以得到根本性的变革,公众参与方案所能产生的积极作用也显得较为有限。其实,在高度复杂性与高度不确定性的条件下,包括政策问题建构在内的整个工业社会的治理及其理性和思维基础都需要得到重建。如果能够走出形而上学和分析性思维的窠臼,我们就会看到,社会是存在于人的行动之中的。因而,我们对社会及其治理的思考也就会转向对行动的关注,进而,也就会在社会问题复杂化的条件下通过合作行动去进行政策问题建构。

In the early period of industrial society,policy issues were initially constructed in a democratic approach.Along with the complexification of social issues,the democratic approach was gradually replaced by the scientific approach.Since the late 20th century,human society has been increasingly characterized by high degree of complexity uncertainty,and the established construction mode of policy issues guided by analytical thinking has fallen into a predicament.In this situation,public participation is considered as a scheme to solve the problem,which seems to be a return to the democratic path.However,due to the restriction imposed by the industrial social governance structure and institutional frameworks,the existing construction mode of policy issues cannot be transformed radically,and the active role of public participation programs also appears to be limited.Actually,under conditions of high degree of complexity and uncertainty,the governance of the entire industrial society,including the construction of policy issues,and its rational and thinking foundation as well should be reconstructed.If we can get out of the set pattern of metaphysics and analytical thinking,we will recognize that the society exists in human actions.Therefore,our thinking on society and its governance will also turn to the attention of actions,and then we will construct policy issues through cooperative actions under the conditions of complex social issues.