高速砂轮电主轴系统阶次振动研究

Order Vibration Analysis for High Speed Spindle System of Grinder

高速外圆磨床是航天领域高精度高表面质量零件的加工母机。高速砂轮电主轴是高速外圆磨床的关键部件,其动态性能决定了高速磨床的加工精度和表面质量。在高速砂轮电主轴使用过程中,发现其远低于临界转速时就发生了强烈的振动,导致零件的加工质量无法得到保证。基于此,提出了一种基于主轴模态和轴承振动阶次分析的高速砂轮电主轴的阶次振动分析方法。首先使用有限元建模分析得到主轴系统的固有频率和振型,再使用轴承振动阶次分析得到电主轴由于轴承制造误差所造成的振动阶次,最后用升速实验验证主轴系统的固有频率并依此得到轴承制造误差造成的主轴阶次振动及对应的振动转速。结果表明,高速砂轮电主轴的强烈振动是由于轴承外圈的制造误差产生的阶次振动所造成的。分析的结果为高速电主轴的结构和工艺的优化提供了理论依据。

High speed grinder is the processing machine tool for high precision manufacturing in the space filed. High speed spindle system is the key part of high speed grinder,which directly affect its the performance. In the process of rotating,the high speed spindle often generates violent vibration in some speed areas which are far below its criticalspeed,and directly affect the property of machining. Based on it,this paper proposed an order vibration analysis approach for high speed spindle system. First a finite element model of high speed spindle was set up to obtain the model frequencies and modes of vibration.Then the vibration order analysis of bearing was proposed to get the intense vibration speed of spindle system. At last the speed up experiment was carried out to verify the method. The result shows the violent vibration of high speed spindle system is caused by the manufacture error of the out race of bearing. It provides a theoretical basis of optimization of designing and operating for high speed spindle system.