基于在环试验自卸车悬架系统操纵稳定性分析

Analysis of Handling Stability of Suspension System in Dump Truck Based on in The-Loop Test

不同形式悬架对整车操纵稳定性具有重要影响,针对前后桥不同形式悬架对操纵稳定性影响进行对比分析。基于悬架系统、轮胎等总成特性,在Truck Sim中搭建14自由度整车动力学模型,进行操纵稳定性开环试验仿真分析,分别进行方向盘角阶跃仿真、方向盘角脉冲仿真和稳态回转仿真试验;基于整车模型、驾驶员操作系统等搭建驾驶员在环仿真试验平台,进行闭环操纵稳定性试验仿真分析,选择双移线工况进行仿真分析;分别配备4种形式前悬架和2种形式后悬架组合的8个车型进行对比分析;利用虑道路跟踪好坏及驾驶员负担是否沉重对各车型进行对比评价分析。结果可知:配备复合连杆式前悬架的车型在操纵稳定性各方面指标都较好,双叉臂式悬架也具有同样的优越性,但是在稳态回转时侧倾角较大;配备单纵臂式悬架和烛式悬架的车型在操纵稳定性方面则表现的较差,不过单纵臂式悬架在自卸车稳态回转试验中表现出对侧倾角的控制作用。

Different forms of suspension have important influence on the handling stability of vehicle,so the influence of different forms of front and rear suspension on the stability is compared and analyzed. Based on the characteristics of the suspension system and tire assembly,a 14-DOF vehicle dynamics model was built in Truck Sim,and the open-loop simulation of handling stability was carried out. Steering wheel angle simulation,steering wheel angle simulation and steadySimulation test were carried out in the model. Based on the vehicle model and the driver＇s operating system,a driver-in-theloop（DIL）simulation platform was designed,and the closed-loop maneuvering stability test simulation under double-shift line conditions was analyzed. In the model,8 models with four forms of front suspension and two forms of rear suspension combination were compared and analyzed. The comparative analysis of the various models was carried out by using road tracking and driver burden. The results show that the models with compound link-type front suspension are better in all aspects of handling stability,the double-wishbone suspension has the same superiority,but the roll angle is larger at steady state rotation; The longitudinal-arm suspension and the candle-type suspension are poor in handling stability,but the singlelongitudinal-arm suspension exhibits the control of the roll angle in the steady-state rotation test of the dump truck.