李延平工夫论影响下的湛若水与王阳明之争

Comment on the Debate between Zhan Ruoshui and Wang Yangming under the Influence of Li Yanping's Theories of Cultivation

就工夫论而言,湛若水"随处体认"之说实是对宋儒李延平"分殊体认"理念的发挥,而王阳明"致良知"工夫论宗旨则源于对李延平"默坐体认"工夫的选择性继承。从该视角来看王阳明、湛若水在"格物""致知"等问题上的争论,可知二人观点的分歧本不局限于"心""物"关系的理解,更涉及知识论与工夫论之间的冲突。但是,湛若水、王阳明之学最终回归儒学本体论层面达成和解,则共同凸显了明中晚期实践哲学对于知识论愈加鲜明的疏离和排斥。

From the understanding and using of the theory of＂realize separately＂and＂realize by sitting silently＂which were put forward by Li Yanping,we can find that the development of the factor of cultivation philosophy of Xin Xue in Ming Dynasty mainly centered on the expanding of Li Yanping＇s theory. Based on this method,the idea of＂realize everywhere＂put forward by Zhan Ruoshui had inherited Li Yanping＇s viewpoint in fact. Meanwhile,the development of Wang Yangming＇s theory,especially his reflection about his own standpoint and worship to Zhu Xi＇s thinking always had something to do with Li Yanping. According to the detailed analysis,the integration of the theory of ＂carry out in good conscience＂put forward by Wang Yangming and the idea of ＂realize everywhere＂raised by Zhan Ruoshui pointed to the predicament between epistemology and practical philosophy,especially in middle and late Ming Dynasty.