朱熹的休闲观刍论

A Meager Discussion on Zhu Xi 's Leisure Ideas

从闲与心态安乐、闲与宇宙状态两方面,朱熹流露出了对"闲为何物"的本体性领悟和理解,并从调适身心、玩物适情、超拔识见、涵养德性四方面指出了休闲的价值。在实现休闲的途径方面,朱熹的自然休闲论一是倡导"虚心""涤肠",清除遮蔽;二是倡导"从容""宽胸",反对责效。朱熹的休闲伦理观则肯定休闲的正当性,但反对嬉游而崇尚"内乐",倡导在休闲中进行读书、思考和道德的修养。朱熹重视心灵收获和道德内涵的休闲观,体现了强烈的理学色彩。朱熹的休闲观对于当代中国休闲美学研究与理论建构,以及当前民众休闲生活中存在的问题,均具有积极的启发意义。

Zhu Xi showed his essential understanding of leisure by two aspects： the relationship between leisure and happiness and the relationship between leisure and the universe. He pointed out the values of leisure as well： 1.Value of physical and mental adjustment; 2. Value of comfort from playing things; 3. Value of improving cognition;4. Value of training ethic. Zhu Xi advocated the natural realization of two points： 1. To clear the shelter of mind; 2.To be calm and oppose efficiency. As the ethic theory of leisure is considered,Zhu Xi affirmed the legitimacy of leisure,but is against idleness and upholds ＂inner happiness＂. He advocated reading,thinking and training ethic in leisure time. Zhu xi＇s leisure thoughts focused on the harvest of mind and moral connotation. It showed the strong color of neo-Confucianism. As for the contemporary construction of leisure cultural aesthetics theory,and for the negative phenomenon of present people＇s leisure life,Zhu Xi＇s thought has positive enlightening significance.