有机无机肥配施对科尔沁沙地衬膜稻田沙土理化特性的影响

Influence of applying organic and inorganic fertilizer on physical and chemical characteristics of sandy soil in paddy field with plastic film bellow in horqin

有机无机肥配施对培肥地力,提高土壤有机质含量有重要作用。研究有机无机肥配施对沙地衬膜稻田沙土理化性质的影响,旨在为科尔沁沙地衬膜水稻合理施肥提供科学依据。本试验样品采自未开垦沙地(衬膜前沙土)和采用有机无机肥配施1年(A1)、5年(A2)、10年(A3)衬膜稻田的沙土,研究沙地衬膜稻田沙土的物理性质(容重、孔隙度及机械组成)和沙土的化学性质(全量、速效养分及阳离子交换量等)的变化。结果表明:与CK相比,A1、A2和A3处理沙土容重下降了0.63%~3.80%,孔隙度上升了2.15%~7.89%;沙粒(2~0.02 mm)含量下降了1.33%~7.72%,粉粒(0.02~0.002 mm)和粘粒(<0.002 mm)含量分别上升了4.44%~21.53%和0.28~1.76倍,其中沙土孔隙度、粉粒和粘粒含量各处理间差异达到了极显著水平(P<0.01),沙粒各处理间差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。A1、A2和A3处理沙土全氮、全磷和全钾的含量分别比CK处理增加了85.42%、12.00%和27.91%,除CK处理外,各处理间这三项指标之间的差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。衬膜稻田沙土有机质、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾和沙土阳离子交换量分别比CK处理增加了0.12~4.06 g·kg^(-1),0.74~3.21 mg·kg^(-1)、0.25~9.21 mg·kg^(-1)、0.11~1.10 mg·kg^(-1)、2.49~16.30 mg·kg^(-1)和0.22~6.31 cmol(+)·kg^(-1),其中有机质和速效磷各处理之间的差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。有机无机肥配施使衬膜稻田沙土有机质、速效养分和全量养分的含量显著增加,CEC含量提高,沙土容重下降,孔隙度上升,土壤颗粒细化(粘化),有机无机肥配施是改良沙土理化性状,提高科尔沁沙地衬膜稻田沙土肥力的有效途径。

It is important to improve soil fertility and organic matter by applying organic and chemical fertilizer. The study will provide a scientific basis for reasonable application of fertilizers of rice in sandy soil with plastic film bellow in Horqin. The samples were collected from original sandy soil（ before putting plastic film） and from sandy soil in paddy field with plastic film bellow of 1-year（ A1）,5-year（ A2） and 10-year（ A3） applying organic and inorganic fertilizer,the changes of physical properties（ bulk density,porosity and mechanical composition）and chemical properties（ total and available nutrient,and CEC,etc.） were studied from those samples. The results indicated that compared with CK,the bulk density of sandy soil decreased by 0. 63% - 3. 80%,and the porosity increased by 2. 15% - 7. 89%. Small grain（ 2 - 0. 02 mm） content decreased by 1. 33% - 7. 72%,powder particle（ 0. 02 - 0. 002 mm） and clay particle（ 0. 002 mm） content increased respectively by 4. 44% - 21.53% and 0. 28 - 1. 76 times under A1,A2 and A3 treatment compared with CK level. The difference of the porosi-ty,powder particles and clay particles content between treatments reached extreme significant level（ P〈0. 01）,and the difference of small grain content was significant（ P〈0. 05）. The total nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content in A1,A2 and A3 level increased by 85. 42%,12. 00% and 27. 91% than that in CK treatment,the difference of those between A1,A2 and A3 treatments reached extreme significant level（ P〈0. 01）. Compared with CK treatment,sandy soil organic matter,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and cation exchange capacity（ CEC） in A1,A2 and A3 treatment were improved respectively by 0.12 - 4. 06 g·kg^-1,0. 74 - 3. 21 mg·kg^-1,0. 25 - 9. 21 mg·kg^-1,0. 11 - 1. 10 mg·kg^-1,2. 49 - 16. 30 mg·kg^-1 and 0. 22 - 6. 31 cmol（ ＋） · kg^-1,the difference of organic matter and available phosphorus between treatments reached extreme significant level（ P〈0. 01）. Through applying organic and inorganic fertilizer,the organic matter、available and total nutrient in sandy soil were all improved clearly,and CEC raised; at the same time,the bulk density decreased,porosity raised up,and small soil particles appeared more（ clayization） than before. The physical and chemical properties,and soil fertility of the sandy soil in a paddy field with plastic film bellow in Horqin were all improved through applying organic and inorganic fertilizer.